The chapter focuses on the fear of childbirth. Based on a summary of results and findings of previous studies, it discusses its prevalence, aetiology and consequences with a focus on complications that the fear of childbirth can cause during the prenatal, perinatal and postnatal periods. Special attention is given to the causes of the fear of childbirth, which have been divided into “hard” and psychological factors. This classification, as well as the majority of the presented text, is based on an unpublished master thesis by the first author of the chapter – Edita Adamčíková (maiden name Imrychová). At the end of the chapter the recommendations for practices are outlined.