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@article{1338057,
author = {Šerý, Omar and Sultana, Nilufa and Kashem, Mohammed Abul and Pow, David V. and Balcar, Vladimír},
article_number = {12},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11064-015-1605-2},
keywords = {Alcoholism; Glutamate transport; Polymorphisms; Epigenetics; DNA methylation; Ethanol; miRNA},
language = {eng},
issn = {0364-3190},
journal = {Neurochemical Research},
title = {GLAST But Not Least-Distribution, Function, Genetics and Epigenetics of L-Glutamate Transport in Brain-Focus on GLAST/EAAT1},
volume = {40},
year = {2015}
}
TY - JOUR
ID - 1338057
AU - Šerý, Omar - Sultana, Nilufa - Kashem, Mohammed Abul - Pow, David V. - Balcar, Vladimír
PY - 2015
TI - GLAST But Not Least-Distribution, Function, Genetics and Epigenetics of L-Glutamate Transport in Brain-Focus on GLAST/EAAT1
JF - Neurochemical Research
VL - 40
IS - 12
SP - 2461-2472
EP - 2461-2472
PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
SN - 03643190
KW - Alcoholism
KW - Glutamate transport
KW - Polymorphisms
KW - Epigenetics
KW - DNA methylation
KW - Ethanol
KW - miRNA
N2 - Synaptically released L-glutamate, the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS, is removed from extracellular space by fast and efficient transport mediated by several transporters; the most abundant ones are EAAT1/GLAST and EAAT2/GLT1. The review first summarizes their location, functions and basic characteristics. We then look at genetics and epigenetics of EAAT1/GLAST and EAAT2/GLT1 and perform in silico analyses of their promoter regions. There is one CpG island in SLC1A2 (EAAT2/GLT1) gene and none in SLC1A3 (EAAT1/GLAST) suggesting that DNA methylation is not the most important epigenetic mechanism regulating EAAT1/GLAST levels in brain. There are targets for specific miRNA in SLC1A2 (EAAT2/GLT1) gene. We also note that while defects in EAAT2/GLT1 have been associated with various pathological states including chronic neurodegenerative diseases, very little is known on possible contributions of defective or dysfunctional EAAT1/GLAST to any specific brain disease. Finally, we review evidence of EAAT1/GLAST involvement in mechanisms of brain response to alcoholism and present some preliminary data showing that ethanol, at concentrations which may be reached following heavy drinking, can have an effect on the distribution of EAAT1/GLAST in cultured astrocytes; the effect is blocked by baclofen, a GABA-B receptor agonist and a drug potentially useful in the treatment of alcoholism. We argue that more research effort should be focused on EAAT1/GLAST, particularly in relation to alcoholism and drug addiction.
ER -
ŠERÝ, Omar, Nilufa SULTANA, Mohammed Abul KASHEM, David V. POW a Vladimír BALCAR. GLAST But Not Least-Distribution, Function, Genetics and Epigenetics of L-Glutamate Transport in Brain-Focus on GLAST/EAAT1. \textit{Neurochemical Research}. Springer Science+Business Media, Inc., roč.~40, č.~12, s.~2461-2472. ISSN~0364-3190. doi:10.1007/s11064-015-1605-2. 2015.
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