The main objective of this paper is to analyse the major changes in the Czech agriculture after accession to the EU. Agriculture, as a fundamental human activity, very much depends on the socioeconomic changes. Many changes had taken place since the second half of the 20th century and some of them are still under way. Currently, agriculture is mainly influenced by the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the EU. As a result, changes are occurring in the agricultural production and in the use of agricultural land in the Czech Republic. Legal titles for funding serve for a more considerate and more ecological utilisation of land resources and thus they fundamentally change the whole structure of land resources of the Czech Republic. However, the changes do not affect the use of agricultural land and crops only. The animal production and livestock numbers are affected as well. Therefore, attention is given to the study of development of regional differences in selected crops and changes in number of selected livestock.