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@article{1371694,
author = {Melymuk, Lisa Emily and BohlinandNizzetto, Pernilla and Kukučka, Petr and Vojta, Šimon and Kalina, Jiří and Čupr, Pavel and Klánová, Jana},
article_location = {OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND},
article_number = {November},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.018},
keywords = {Indoor air; Flame retardants; PCBs; Indoor sources; Seasonal trends},
language = {eng},
issn = {0269-7491},
journal = {Environmental Pollution},
title = {Seasonality and indoor/outdoor relationships of flame retardants and PCBs in residential air},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749116305802},
volume = {218},
year = {2016}
}
TY - JOUR
ID - 1371694
AU - Melymuk, Lisa Emily - Bohlin-Nizzetto, Pernilla - Kukučka, Petr - Vojta, Šimon - Kalina, Jiří - Čupr, Pavel - Klánová, Jana
PY - 2016
TI - Seasonality and indoor/outdoor relationships of flame retardants and PCBs in residential air
JF - Environmental Pollution
VL - 218
IS - November
SP - 392-401
EP - 392-401
PB - ELSEVIER SCI LTD
SN - 02697491
KW - Indoor air
KW - Flame retardants
KW - PCBs
KW - Indoor sources
KW - Seasonal trends
UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749116305802
L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749116305802
N2 - This study is a systematic assessment of different houses and apartments, their ages and renovation status, indoors and outdoors, and in summer vs. winter, with a goal of bringing some insight into the major sources of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and their variability. Indoor and outdoor air concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and novel flame retardants (NFRs) were determined at 17-20 homes in Czech Republic in winter and summer. Indoor concentrations were consistently higher than outdoor concentrations for all compounds; indoor/outdoor ratios ranged from 2-20, with larger differences for the current use NFRs than for legacy PCBs. Seasonal trends differed according to the use status of the compounds: the PCBs had higher summer concentrations both indoors and outdoors, suggesting volatilization as a source of PCBs to air. PBDEs had no seasonal trends indoors, but higher summer concentrations outdoors. Several NFRs (TBX, PBT, PBEB) had higher indoor concentrations in winter relative to summer. The seasonal trends in the flame retardants suggest differences in air exchange rates due to lower building ventilation in winter could be driving the concentration differences. Weak relationships were found with building age for PCBs, with higher concentrations indoors in buildings built before 1984, and with the number of electronics for PBDEs, with higher concentrations in rooms with three or more electronic items. Indoor environments are the primary contributor to human inhalation exposure to these SVOCs, due to the high percentage of time spent indoors (>90%) combined with the higher indoors levels for all the studied compounds. Exposure via the indoor environment contributed similar to 96% of the total chronic daily intake via inhalation in summer and similar to 98% in winter.
ER -
MELYMUK, Lisa Emily, Pernilla BOHLIN-NIZZETTO, Petr KUKUČKA, Šimon VOJTA, Jiří KALINA, Pavel ČUPR and Jana KLÁNOVÁ. Seasonality and indoor/outdoor relationships of flame retardants and PCBs in residential air. \textit{Environmental Pollution}. OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND: ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2016, vol.~218, November, p.~392-401. ISSN~0269-7491. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.018.
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