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@article{1371879,
author = {Ugranli, Tugba and Gungormus, Elif and Kavcar, Pinar and Demircioglu, Eylem and Odabasi, Mustafa and Sofuoglu, Sait C. and Lammel, Gerhard and Sofuoglu, Aysun},
article_location = {Landsberg, Germany},
article_number = {22},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7350-5},
keywords = {Persistent organic pollutants; PCBs; PAHs; OCPs; Exposure; Carcinogenic risk},
language = {eng},
issn = {0944-1344},
journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},
title = {POPs in a major conurbation in Turkey: ambient air concentrations, seasonal variation, inhalation and dermal exposure, and associated carcinogenic risks},
url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11356-016-7350-5},
volume = {23},
year = {2016}
}
TY - JOUR
ID - 1371879
AU - Ugranli, Tugba - Gungormus, Elif - Kavcar, Pinar - Demircioglu, Eylem - Odabasi, Mustafa - Sofuoglu, Sait C. - Lammel, Gerhard - Sofuoglu, Aysun
PY - 2016
TI - POPs in a major conurbation in Turkey: ambient air concentrations, seasonal variation, inhalation and dermal exposure, and associated carcinogenic risks
JF - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
VL - 23
IS - 22
SP - 22500-22512
EP - 22500-22512
PB - Ecomed
SN - 09441344
KW - Persistent organic pollutants
KW - PCBs
KW - PAHs
KW - OCPs
KW - Exposure
KW - Carcinogenic risk
UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11356-016-7350-5
L2 - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11356-016-7350-5
N2 - Semi-volatile organic compounds were monitored over a whole year, by collection of gas and particle phases every sixth day at a suburban site in Izmir, Turkey. Annual mean concentrations of 32 polychlorinated biphenyls (a(32)PCBs) and 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (a(14)PAHs) were 348 pg/m(3) and 36 ng/m(3), respectively, while it was 273 pg/m(3) for endosulfan, the dominant compound among 23 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Monte Carlo simulation was applied to the USEPA exposure-risk models for the estimation of the population exposure and carcinogenic risk probability distributions for heating and non-heating periods. The estimated population risks associated with dermal contact and inhalation routes to a(32)PCBs, a(14)PAHs, and some of the targeted OCPs (alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH), beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH), heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, alpha-chlordane (alpha-CHL), gamma-chlordane (gamma-CHL), and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT)) were in the ranges of 1.86 x 10(-16)-7.29 x 10(-9) and 1.38 x 10(-10)-4.07 x 10(-6), respectively. The inhalation 95th percentile risks for a(32)PCBs, a(14)PAHs, and OCPs were about 6, 3, and 4-7 orders of magnitude higher than those of dermal route, respectively. The 95th percentile inhalation risk for a(32)PCBs and OCPs in the non-heating period were 1.8- and 1.2-4.6 folds higher than in the heating period, respectively. In contrast, the 95th percentile risk levels for a(14)PAHs in the heating period were 4.3 times greater than that of non-heating period for inhalation, respectively. While risk levels associated with exposure to PCBs and OCPs did not exceed the acceptable level of 1 x 10(-6), it was exceeded for 47 % of the population associated with inhalation of PAHs with a maximum value of about 4 x 10(-6).
ER -
UGRANLI, Tugba, Elif GUNGORMUS, Pinar KAVCAR, Eylem DEMIRCIOGLU, Mustafa ODABASI, Sait C. SOFUOGLU, Gerhard LAMMEL and Aysun SOFUOGLU. POPs in a major conurbation in Turkey: ambient air concentrations, seasonal variation, inhalation and dermal exposure, and associated carcinogenic risks. \textit{Environmental Science and Pollution Research}. Landsberg, Germany: Ecomed, 2016, vol.~23, No~22, p.~22500-22512. ISSN~0944-1344. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7350-5.
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