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@article{1372511,
author = {Wohrnschimmel, Henry and Scheringer, Martin and Bogdal, Christian and Hung, Hayley and Salamova, Amina and Venier, Marta and Katsoyiannis, Athanasios and Hites, Ronald A. and Hungerbuhler, Konrad and Fiedler, Heidelore},
article_location = {OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND},
article_number = {October},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.090},
keywords = {Stockholm Convention; Effectiveness evaluation; Air monitoring; Time series analysis},
language = {eng},
issn = {0269-7491},
journal = {Environmental Pollution},
title = {Ten years after entry into force of the Stockholm Convention: What do air monitoring data tell about its effectiveness?},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749116300902},
volume = {217},
year = {2016}
}
TY - JOUR
ID - 1372511
AU - Wohrnschimmel, Henry - Scheringer, Martin - Bogdal, Christian - Hung, Hayley - Salamova, Amina - Venier, Marta - Katsoyiannis, Athanasios - Hites, Ronald A. - Hungerbuhler, Konrad - Fiedler, Heidelore
PY - 2016
TI - Ten years after entry into force of the Stockholm Convention: What do air monitoring data tell about its effectiveness?
JF - Environmental Pollution
VL - 217
IS - October
SP - 149-158
EP - 149-158
PB - ELSEVIER SCI LTD
SN - 02697491
KW - Stockholm Convention
KW - Effectiveness evaluation
KW - Air monitoring
KW - Time series analysis
UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749116300902
L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749116300902
N2 - More than a decade ago, the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), one of the multilateral environmental agreements administered by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), entered into force. The objective of this Convention is to protect human health and the environment by controlling the releases of POPs. According to its Article 16, the effectiveness of the Stockholm Convention shall be evaluated using comparable monitoring data on the presence of POPs as well as their regional and global environmental transport. Here, we present a time series analysis on atmospheric POP concentrations from 15 monitoring stations in North America and Europe that provide long-term data and have started operations between 1990 and 2003. We systematically searched for temporal trends and significant structural changes in temporal trends that might result from the provisions of the Stockholm Convention. We find that such structural changes do occur, but they are related mostly to effects of national regulations enforced prior to the implementation of the Stockholm Convention, rather than to the enforcement of the provisions laid out in the Convention. One example is that concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls, many of which started to decrease rapidly during the 1990s. Also effects of chemical transport and fate, for instance the re-volatilization of POPs from secondary sources, are thought to be a cause of some of the observed structural changes. We conclude that a decade of air monitoring data has not been sufficient for detecting general and statistically significant effects of the Stockholm Convention. Based on these lessons, we present recommendations for the future operation of existing monitoring programs and advocate for a stricter enforcement of the provisions of the Stockholm Convention, in the current absence of proof for its effectiveness.
ER -
WOHRNSCHIMMEL, Henry, Martin SCHERINGER, Christian BOGDAL, Hayley HUNG, Amina SALAMOVA, Marta VENIER, Athanasios KATSOYIANNIS, Ronald A. HITES, Konrad HUNGERBUHLER a Heidelore FIEDLER. Ten years after entry into force of the Stockholm Convention: What do air monitoring data tell about its effectiveness? \textit{Environmental Pollution}. OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND: ELSEVIER SCI LTD, roč.~217, October, s.~149-158. ISSN~0269-7491. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.090. 2016.
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