To evaluate the effect of food intake, extreme climatic and other environmental conditions on metabolic parameters in serum of participants the Czech Antarctic Scientific Expedition, January – February 2015 (8 weeks) was the aim of the study. The level of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid and type of diet were the studied parameters. The energy intake, amount of protein in food during the stay were analysed. The values of the above-specified parameters were compared with the answers of respondents to questions about food intake served during the expedition and analysed by the (ANOVA) Hartley F and col. Chi test. A total of 45 sera samples were collected during 3 series of sampling. The first one was a pre-departure sampling, the second was taken after the first 2 weeks of the stay in Antarctica, and the third one during the last 2 weeks of the stay). During the stay statistically significant decrease in uric acid and HDL cholesterol in sera was observed as a result of Student´s paired t-test. Scheffe test revealed significant differences in levels of HDL between categories of expeditioners who ate significantly larger amount of protein and equal amount of proteins after 44 days of expedition. In this paper, we discuss the total cholesterol (HDL, LDL), which can lead to dietary problems under stress condition in the Czech Antarctic base.