Altogether 139 taxa (9 liverworts and 130 mosses) were recorded during the course of four excursions to the region of the Pavlov Hills in South Moravia, including one species new to the Czech Republic (Didymodon sicculus; the identity of another species not recorded in the Czech Republic, Pterygoneurum kozlovii, needs to be confirmed), one species considered Vanished (Hennediella heimii), three Critically Endangered species (Bryum intermedium, Hilpertia velenovskyi and Tortula inermis), five Endangered taxa (Aloina aloides var. ambigua, Conardia compacta, Grimmia anodon, G. crinita and Pseudocrossidium revolutum) and five Vulnerable species (Acaulon triquetrum, Didymodon cordatus, D. sinuosus, Pterygoneurum subsessile and Rhynchostegium megapolitanum). Important records are briefly commented on.