Introducing direct peroral anticoagulants into clinical practice brings a substantial advance in anticoagulation therapy and it has indisputable benefits compared to the traditional treatment with vitamin K antagonists. At the samé time, this modern treatment has its possible pitfalls, such as interpre-tation of coagulation tests. In patients using direct anticoagulants it is usually not necessary to monitor the treatment regularly, but in some cases, a laboratory examination of coagulation rates is necessary. It is also necessary to keep in mind that these preparations can influence a whole range of both routine and speciál coagulation tests, which always needs to be kept in mind when interpreting results.