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@article{1410274,
author = {Scherr, Kerstin and Bielská, Lucie and Kosubova, Petra and Dinisova, Petra and Hvězdová, Martina and Šimek, Zdeněk and Hofman, Jakub},
article_location = {OXFORD},
article_number = {March},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.043},
keywords = {Chlorotriazine herbicides; Hydroxylated chlorotriazines; Atrazine; Simazine; Terbuthylazine; Sorption; Biotransformation; Water protection; Groundwater; Fluvisols; QuEChERS},
language = {eng},
issn = {0269-7491},
journal = {Environmental Pollution},
title = {Occurrence of Chlorotriazine herbicides and their transformation products in arable soils},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749116316682?via%3Dihub},
volume = {222},
year = {2017}
}
TY - JOUR
ID - 1410274
AU - Scherr, Kerstin - Bielská, Lucie - Kosubova, Petra - Dinisova, Petra - Hvězdová, Martina - Šimek, Zdeněk - Hofman, Jakub
PY - 2017
TI - Occurrence of Chlorotriazine herbicides and their transformation products in arable soils
JF - Environmental Pollution
VL - 222
IS - March
SP - 283-293
EP - 283-293
PB - ELSEVIER SCI LTD
SN - 02697491
KW - Chlorotriazine herbicides
KW - Hydroxylated chlorotriazines
KW - Atrazine
KW - Simazine
KW - Terbuthylazine
KW - Sorption
KW - Biotransformation
KW - Water protection
KW - Groundwater
KW - Fluvisols
KW - QuEChERS
UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749116316682?via%3Dihub
L2 - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749116316682?via%3Dihub
N2 - Chlorotriazine herbicides (CTs) are widely used pest control chemicals. In contrast to groundwater contamination, little attention has been given to the circumstances of residue formation of parent compounds and transformation products in soils. Seventy-five cultivated floodplain topsoils in the Czech Republic were sampled in early spring of 2015, corresponding to a minimum of six months (current-use terbuthylazine, TBA) and a up to a decade (banned atrazine, AT and simazine, SIM) after the last herbicide application. Soil residues of parent compounds and nine transformation products were quantified via multiple residue analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of acetonitrile partitioning extracts (QuEChERS). Using principal component analysis (PCA), their relation to soil chemistry, crops and environmental parameters was determined. Of the parent compounds, only TBA was present in more than one sample. In contrast, at least one CT transformation product, particularly hydroxylated CTs, was detected in 89% of the sites, or 54% for banned triazines. Deethylated and bi-dealkylated SIM or AT residues were not detectable. PCA suggests the formation and/or retention of CT hydroxy-metabolite residues to be related to low soil pH, and a direct relation between TBA and soil organic carbon, and between deethyl-TBA and clay or Ca contents, respectively, the latter pointing towards distinct sorption mechanisms. The low historic application of simazine contrasted by the high abundance of its residues, and the co-occurrence with AT residues suggests the post-ban application of AT and SIM banned triazines as a permitted impurity of TBA formulations as a recent, secondary source. The present data indicate that topsoils do not contain abundant extractable residues of banned parent chlorotriazines, and are thus likely not the current source for related ground-and surface water contamination. In contrast, topsoils might pose a long-term source of TBA and CF transformation products for ground and surface water contamination.
ER -
SCHERR, Kerstin, Lucie BIELSKÁ, Petra KOSUBOVA, Petra DINISOVA, Martina HVĚZDOVÁ, Zdeněk ŠIMEK and Jakub HOFMAN. Occurrence of Chlorotriazine herbicides and their transformation products in arable soils. \textit{Environmental Pollution}. OXFORD: ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2017, vol.~222, March, p.~283-293. ISSN~0269-7491. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.043.
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