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@article{1410399,
author = {Smutná, Marie and Priebojová, Jana and Večerková, Jaroslava and Hilscherová, Klára},
article_location = {San Diego},
article_number = {April},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.12.018},
keywords = {Embryonic development; Cyanobacterial exudates; Retinoids; Retinoid-like activity; Xenopus laevis; All -trans retinoic acid},
language = {eng},
issn = {0147-6513},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety},
title = {Retinoid-like compounds produced by phytoplankton affect embryonic development of Xenopus laevis},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651316305309?via%3Dihub},
volume = {138},
year = {2017}
}
TY - JOUR
ID - 1410399
AU - Smutná, Marie - Priebojová, Jana - Večerková, Jaroslava - Hilscherová, Klára
PY - 2017
TI - Retinoid-like compounds produced by phytoplankton affect embryonic development of Xenopus laevis
JF - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
VL - 138
IS - April
SP - 32-38
EP - 32-38
PB - ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
SN - 01476513
KW - Embryonic development
KW - Cyanobacterial exudates
KW - Retinoids
KW - Retinoid-like activity
KW - Xenopus laevis
KW - All -trans retinoic acid
UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651316305309?via%3Dihub
L2 - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651316305309?via%3Dihub
N2 - Teratogenic effects, which were remarkably similar to those induced by retinoic acids, have been seen in wild frogs indicating possible source of retinoids in the environment. Recent studies indicate that some cyanobacterial species can contain teratogenic retinoic acids (RAs) and their analogues. Retinoids are known to regulate important processes such as differentiation, development, and embryogenesis. The study investigated the effects of exudates (extracellular compounds) of two cyanobacteria species with retinoic-like activity and one algae species on embryonic development of amphibians. The retinoid-like activity determined by in vitro reporter gene assay reached 528 ng retinoid equivalents (REQ)/L and 1000 ng REQ/L in exudates of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Microcystis aeruginosa, respectively, while algal exudates showed no detectable activity. Total mean of retinoid-like copounds into exudate was 35.6 ng ATRA/mil.cells for M. aeruginosa and 6.71 ng ATRA/mil.cells for C.racibotskii, respectively. Toxicity tests with amphibian embryos up to 96 h of development were carried out according to the standard guide for the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay Xenopus. Lowest observed effect concentrations (LOEC) of malformations (2.5-2.6 mu g/REQ) were two times lower than LOEC for ATRA (5 mu g/L). The exudates of both cyanobacteria were indeed provoking diverse teratogenic effects (e.g. tail, gut and eyes deformation) and interference with growth in frogs embryos, while such effects were not observed for the algae. Xenopus embryos were also exposed to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in concentration range (1-40 mu g/L) equivalent to the REQs detected in cyanobacterial exudates. ATRA (10 mu g/L) caused similar teratogenic phenotypes at corresponding REQs as cyanobacterial exudates. The study confirms the ability of some species of cyanobacteria to produce retinoids naturally and excrete them directly into the environment at concentrations which might have adverse influence on the development of amphibians.
ER -
SMUTNÁ, Marie, Jana PRIEBOJOVÁ, Jaroslava VEČERKOVÁ and Klára HILSCHEROVÁ. Retinoid-like compounds produced by phytoplankton affect embryonic development of Xenopus laevis. \textit{Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety}. San Diego: ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2017, vol.~138, April, p.~32-38. ISSN~0147-6513. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.12.018.
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