Adipokinetic hormone and adenosine interfere with nematobacterial infection and locomotion in Drosophila melanogaster

IBRAHIM, Emad, Pavel DOBEŠ, Martin KUNC, Pavel HYRŠL and Dalibor KODRÍK. Adipokinetic hormone and adenosine interfere with nematobacterial infection and locomotion in Drosophila melanogaster. Journal of Insect Physiology. Kidlington, England: Elsevier, 2018, vol. 107, No 4, p. 167-174. ISSN 0022-1910. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2018.04.002.

Basic information

• Original name: Adipokinetic hormone and adenosine interfere with nematobacterial infection and locomotion in Drosophila melanogaster
• Name in Czech: Adipokinetic hormone and adenosine interfere with nematobacterial infection and locomotion in Drosophila melanogaster
• Authors: IBRAHIM, Emad (818 Egypt), Pavel DOBEŠ (203 Czech Republic, belonging to the institution), Martin KUNC (203 Czech Republic, belonging to the institution), Pavel HYRŠL (203 Czech Republic, guarantor, belonging to the institution) and Dalibor KODRÍK (203 Czech Republic).
• Edition: Journal of Insect Physiology, Kidlington, England, Elsevier, 2018, 0022-1910.

Other information

• Original language: English
• Type of outcome: Article in a journal
• Field of Study: 30105 Physiology
• Country of publisher: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
• Confidentiality degree: is not subject to a state or trade secret
• WWW: URL
• Impact factor: Impact factor: 2.862
• RIV identification code: RIV/00216224:14310/18:00100913
• Organization unit: Faculty of Science
• Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2018.04.002
• UT WoS: 000434751100021
• Keywords (in Czech): Adipokinetický hormon; adenosin; Drosophila; hlístice; oxidativní stres; lokomoce
• Keywords in English: Adipokinetic hormone; adenosine; Drosophila; nematode; oxidative stress; locomotion
• Tags: International impact, Reviewed

Abstract

This study examined how adipokinetic hormone (AKH) and adenosine affect defense responses in Drosophila melanogaster larvae infected with entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN, Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora). Three loss-of-function mutant larvae were tested: Akh1, AdoR1 (adenosine receptor), and Akh1 AdoR1. Mortality decreased in all mutants post-EPN infection compared with the control (w1118). Additionally, co-application of external AKH with EPN significantly increased mortality beyond rates observed in EPN-only treatment, while also elevating carbon dioxide production, a measure of metabolism. Furthermore trehalose levels increased in both w1118 and Akh1 larvae post-EPN infection, but the latter group exhibited a lower increase and total trehalose levels. Interestingly, baseline trehalose was relatively high in untreated AdoR1 and Akh1 AdoR1 mutants, with levels remaining unaffected by infection. Infection also elevated haemolymph lipid content overall, but the different mutations did not substantially influence this change. In contrast, haemolymph protein content dropped after EPN infection in all tested groups, but this decline was more intense among Akh1. In uninfected larvae mutations decreased antioxidative capacity in Akh1 and increased in AdoR1, however, its post-infection increases were similar in all mutants, suggesting that antioxidant response in Drosophila involves mechanisms also beyond AKH and adenosine. Furthermore, AKH application in w1118 larvae significantly increased movement distance and percentage of larval activity, but reduced velocity. Mutations of Akh and AdoR did not strongly affect locomotion.

Abstract (in Czech)

This study examined how adipokinetic hormone (AKH) and adenosine affect defense responses in Drosophila melanogaster larvae infected with entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN, Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora). Three loss-of-function mutant larvae were tested: Akh1, AdoR1 (adenosine receptor), and Akh1 AdoR1. Mortality decreased in all mutants post-EPN infection compared with the control (w1118). Additionally, co-application of external AKH with EPN significantly increased mortality beyond rates observed in EPN-only treatment, while also elevating carbon dioxide production, a measure of metabolism. Furthermore trehalose levels increased in both w1118 and Akh1 larvae post-EPN infection, but the latter group exhibited a lower increase and total trehalose levels. Interestingly, baseline trehalose was relatively high in untreated AdoR1 and Akh1 AdoR1 mutants, with levels remaining unaffected by infection. Infection also elevated haemolymph lipid content overall, but the different mutations did not substantially influence this change. In contrast, haemolymph protein content dropped after EPN infection in all tested groups, but this decline was more intense among Akh1. In uninfected larvae mutations decreased antioxidative capacity in Akh1 and increased in AdoR1, however, its post-infection increases were similar in all mutants, suggesting that antioxidant response in Drosophila involves mechanisms also beyond AKH and adenosine. Furthermore, AKH application in w1118 larvae significantly increased movement distance and percentage of larval activity, but reduced velocity. Mutations of Akh and AdoR did not strongly affect locomotion.

Links

• GA17-03253S, research and development project: Name: Hormonální kontrola hmyzího obranného systému

Investor: Czech Science Foundation