The post-1989 Czech Republic has undergone economic, political, and social transformations that have led the country to a gradual convergence with Western European societies. Accordingly, social inequalities were analysed with a primary focus on the social origin of students. Analyses dealing with the effect of ethnic origin on achieved education only gradually began to appear at the margins of mainstream sociological research. The results of such research can be found not only in sociological articles and books but also in the official reports and policy papers produced by various organisations. This chapter presents a critical review of this literature, produced between 1990 and 2015. We have organised it into three traditions, which developed in chronological order and are to some extent thematically linked.