Despite high rates of suicide in people who inject drugs, little is known about the risk factors for suicide relatedto childhood and family history in this population. We aimed to explore the relationship between the history ofout-of-home care (OHC) and lifetime suicide attempts among people who inject opioids. Participants (N= 202)were current injection opioid users with at least one previous episode of opioid maintenance treatment. Theywere recruited into a double-blind randomized controlled trial for opioid substitution treatment. Secondaryanalysis of baseline data was conducted from the European Addiction Severity Index and basic demographicsquestionnaires. A total of 81 (40%) participants reported a history of living in OHC and 27% reported attemptingsuicide. Participants who reported living in OHC were more likely to report lifetime suicide attempts comparedto those who did not live in OHC. History of OHC and suicidal ideation were significant risk factors for suicideattempts adjusting for depression and anxiety. Highest rates of lifetime attempts were among participants wholived in a group home, foster care, and/or psychiatric facility. Living in OHC during childhood was significantlyassociated with higher rates of suicide attempts in our sample. Greater efforts should be made to providechildren from vulnerable families with environments where stable one-to-one relationships can be cultivated.