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@article{1548897,
author = {Vrana, Branislav and Rusina, Tatsiana and Okonski, Krzysztof and Prokeš, Roman and Carlsson, Pernilla Marianne and Kopp, Radovan and Smedes, Foppe},
article_location = {Amsterdam},
article_number = {May},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.242},
keywords = {Aquatic pollution; Persistent organic pollutants; Mass transfer; Equilibrium partitioning; Passive sampling; Silicone},
language = {eng},
issn = {0048-9697},
journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
title = {Chasing equilibrium passive sampling of hydrophobic organic compounds in water},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969719302840?via%3Dihub},
volume = {664},
year = {2019}
}
TY - JOUR
ID - 1548897
AU - Vrana, Branislav - Rusina, Tatsiana - Okonski, Krzysztof - Prokeš, Roman - Carlsson, Pernilla Marianne - Kopp, Radovan - Smedes, Foppe
PY - 2019
TI - Chasing equilibrium passive sampling of hydrophobic organic compounds in water
JF - Science of the Total Environment
VL - 664
IS - May
SP - 424-435
EP - 424-435
PB - Elsevier Science
SN - 00489697
KW - Aquatic pollution
KW - Persistent organic pollutants
KW - Mass transfer
KW - Equilibrium partitioning
KW - Passive sampling
KW - Silicone
UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969719302840?via%3Dihub
L2 - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969719302840?via%3Dihub
N2 - We investigated a combination of approaches to extend the attainment of partition equilibria between silicone passive samplers (samplers) and surface or treated waste water towards more hydrophobic organic compounds (HOC). The aim was to identify the HOC hydrophobicity range for which silicone sampler equilibration in water is feasible within a reasonable sampler deployment period. Equilibrium partitioning of HOC between sampler and water is desirable for a simpler application as a "chemometer", aiming to compare chemical activity gradients across environmental media (e.g. water, sediment, biota). The tested approaches included a) long sampler exposure periods and high water flow to maximize mass transfer from water to sampler; b) the use of samplers with reduced sheet thicknesses; and c) pre-equilibration of samplers with local bottom sediment, followed by their exposure in surface water at the same sampling site. These approaches were tested at three sites including a fish pond with a low level of pollution, a river impacted by an urban agglomeration and an effluent of municipal wastewater treatment plant. Tested compounds included polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), DDT, its metabolites and their isomers, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and polybrominated cliphenyl ethers (PBDE). The study shows that samplers with a surface area of 400-800 cm(2) consisting of thin (100-500 mu m) silicone sheets exposed at sampling rates of 10-40 L d(-1) for a time period of up to four months reach partition equilibrium with water for compounds with log K-ow <= 5.5. Nevertheless, for compounds beyond this limit it is challenging, within a reasonable time period, to reach equilibrium between sampler and water in an open system where water boundary layer resistance controls the mass transfer. For more hydrophobic HOC (log K-ow > 6), the kinetic method using performance reference compounds is recommended instead.
ER -
VRANA, Branislav, Tatsiana RUSINA, Krzysztof OKONSKI, Roman PROKEŠ, Pernilla Marianne CARLSSON, Radovan KOPP and Foppe SMEDES. Chasing equilibrium passive sampling of hydrophobic organic compounds in water. \textit{Science of the Total Environment}. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 2019, vol.~664, May, p.~424-435. ISSN~0048-9697. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.242.
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