Context. Longstanding type 1 diabetes (T1D) may lead to alterations in hippocampal neurochemical profile. Upregulation of hippocampal glucose transport as a result of recurrent exposure to hypoglycemia may preserve cognitive function during future hypoglycemia in subjects with T1D and impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH). Impact of T1D on hippocampal neurochemical profile and glucose transport is unknown. Objective. To test the hypothesis that hippocampal neurochemical composition is altered in T1D and glucose transport is upregulated in T1D with IAH. Design and participants. Hippocampal neurochemical profile was measured with single-voxel MR spectroscopy (MRS) at 3T during euglycemia in 18 healthy controls (HC), 10 T1D with IAH and 12 T1D with normal awareness to hypoglycemia (NAH). Additionally, 12 HC, 8 T1D-IAH and 6 T1D-NAH were scanned during hyperglycemia to assess hippocampal glucose transport with metabolic modeling. Setting. University medical center Main Outcome Measures. Concentrations of hippocampal neurochemicals measured during euglycemia and ratios of maximal transport rate to cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (Tmax/CMRGlc), derived from MRS-measured hippocampal glucose as a function of plasma glucose. Results. Comparison of hippocampal neurochemical profile revealed no group differences (HC, T1D, T1D-IAH and T1D-NAH). The ratio Tmax/CMRGlc was not significantly different between the groups, T1D-IAH (1.58±0.09) and HC (1.65±0.07, p=0.54), between T1D-NHA (1.50±0.09) and HC (p=0.19), and between T1D-IAH and T1D-NAH (p=0.53). Conclusions. Subjects with T1D with sufficient exposure to recurrent hypoglycemia to create IAH did not have alteration of Tmax/CMRglc or neurochemical profile compared to participants with T1D-NAH or HC.