Neuromuscular blockade (NMB) can facilitate intubation and lead to better intubation and surgical conditions. Preliminary data from the adult population favors the deep NMB for better surgical conditions [1–3], but they are still limited [4]. The primary aim of our trial was to compare surgical conditions during pediatric laparoscopic surgery in subgroups of patients with deep and moderate NMB. The secondary aim was to compare the incidence of complications between the groups. The primary hypothesis was that the deep NMB would lead to superior surgical conditions graded by the surgical scoring system and by the intraperitoneal pressure (lower pressure). This prospective randomized controlled single-blinded pilot study was conducted at a tertiary pediatric anesthesia center after Ethics committee approval (University Hospital in Brno, Czech Republic) and registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02546843).