The study for the first time, on the basis of rich documentary material in its entirety, clarifies the criminal case of the distinguished Czech art historian Professor Jaromír Neumann (1924–2001), who in the second half of the 1980s hit academic circles in Czechoslovakia and stirred up various speculations in the public. In general, the study not only reflects one remarkable fate and professional fall on the background of the late Czechoslovak “normalization”, but also touches on issues of professional and ethical boundaries of scientific work, which remain irritatingly up to date despite the changes in socio-political climate.