Phylo-cytogenomic Analysis of Genome Duplications in Crucifers

MANDÁKOVÁ, Terezie, Xinyi GUO and Martin LYSÁK. Phylo-cytogenomic Analysis of Genome Duplications in Crucifers. In 1st Annual CEITEC Postdoc Retreat. 2019.

Basic information

• Original name: Phylo-cytogenomic Analysis of Genome Duplications in Crucifers
• Authors: MANDÁKOVÁ, Terezie (203 Czech Republic, belonging to the institution), Xinyi GUO (156 China, belonging to the institution) and Martin LYSÁK (203 Czech Republic, guarantor, belonging to the institution).
• Edition: 1st Annual CEITEC Postdoc Retreat, 2019.

Other information

• Original language: English
• Type of outcome: Conference abstract
• Field of Study: 10611 Plant sciences, botany
• Country of publisher: Czech Republic
• Confidentiality degree: is not subject to a state or trade secret
• RIV identification code: RIV/00216224:14740/19:00113365
• Organization unit: Central European Institute of Technology
• Keywords in English: Phylo-cytogenomic Analysis; Crucifers
• Tags: rivok

Abstract

Many wild and cultivated plants arise through genome duplication or polyploidization, which is an important speciation mechanism. The knowledge of how and when these processes occur can inform us both how current plant diversity was shaped by evolution and how we could improve the crops. Based on previous findings in our group (RG Plant Cytogenomics, CEITEC), my current research interests focus on combining bioinformatics and cytogenetics to study the genome evolution in cruciferous species (Brassicaceae), especially in polyploids. Recently, I’m investigating Biscutelleae species, one of the earliest diverged tribe in the Brassicaceae, which has five recognized genera. Except for the diploid Megadenia (n=6), the four remaining genera were found to have a tetraploid origin. Heldreichia has experienced recent (less than 3.4 Mya) autopolyploidization from an ancestral n=5 genome. Biscutella (n=6, 8, 9), Lunaria (n=14, 15) and Ricotia (n=13, 14) originated through independent inter-tribal hybridizations between two genomes with n=7 and n=8 chromosomes that diverged around the split of major Brassicaceae lineages (from 20 to 25 Mya). The allopolyploid events were followed by genus- and species-specific genome rearrangements and reduction of chromosome numbers. Meanwhile, we found evidence of ancient gene flows between Biscutelleae and other Brassicaceae lineages. Collectively, these findings suggested that the rapid divergence of Brassicaceae was accompanied by frequent hybridizations between its early diverging members.

Links

• LQ1601, research and development project: Name: CEITEC 2020 (Acronym: CEITEC2020)

Investor: Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the CR