FAHLMAN, Andreas, Bruno COZZI, Mercy MANLEY, Sandra JABAS, Marek MALÍK, Ashley BLAWAS and Vincent M. JANIK. Conditioned Variation in Heart Rate During Static Breath-Holds in the Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Frontiers in Physiology. Lausanne: Frontiers, 2020, vol. 11, NOV 2020, p. 1-11. ISSN 1664-042X. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.604018.
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Basic information
Original name Conditioned Variation in Heart Rate During Static Breath-Holds in the Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)
Authors FAHLMAN, Andreas (guarantor), Bruno COZZI, Mercy MANLEY, Sandra JABAS, Marek MALÍK (203 Czech Republic, belonging to the institution), Ashley BLAWAS and Vincent M. JANIK.
Edition Frontiers in Physiology, Lausanne, Frontiers, 2020, 1664-042X.
Other information
Original language English
Type of outcome Article in a journal
Field of Study 30105 Physiology
Country of publisher Switzerland
Confidentiality degree is not subject to a state or trade secret
WWW URL
Impact factor Impact factor: 4.566
RIV identification code RIV/00216224:14110/20:00117278
Organization unit Faculty of Medicine
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.604018
UT WoS 000596357800001
Keywords in English dive response; diving physiology; marine mammal; reflex; cardiovascular physiology; selective gas exchange hypothesis; adaptation; cardiovascular function
Tags 14110211, rivok
Tags International impact, Reviewed
Changed by Changed by: Mgr. Tereza Miškechová, učo 341652. Changed: 5/1/2021 08:57.
Abstract
Previous reports suggested the existence of direct somatic motor control over heart rate (f(H)) responses during diving in some marine mammals, as the result of a cognitive and/or learning process rather than being a reflexive response. This would be beneficial for O-2 storage management, but would also allow ventilation-perfusion matching for selective gas exchange, where O-2 and CO2 can be exchanged with minimal exchange of N-2. Such a mechanism explains how air breathing marine vertebrates avoid diving related gas bubble formation during repeated dives, and how stress could interrupt this mechanism and cause excessive N-2 exchange. To investigate the conditioned response, we measured the f(H)-response before and during static breath-holds in three bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) when shown a visual symbol to perform either a long (LONG) or short (SHORT) breath-hold, or during a spontaneous breath-hold without a symbol (NS). The average f(H) (if(Hstart)), and the rate of change in f(H) (dif(H)/dt) during the first 20 s of the breath-hold differed between breath-hold types. In addition, the minimum instantaneous f(H) (if(Hmin)), and the average instantaneous f(H) during the last 10 s (if(Hend)) also differed between breath-hold types. The dif(H)/dt was greater, and the if(Hstart), if(Hmin), and if(Hend) were lower during a LONG as compared with either a SHORT, or an NS breath-hold (P < 0.05). Even though the NS breath-hold dives were longer in duration as compared with SHORT breath-hold dives, the dif(H)/dt was greater and the if(Hstart), if(Hmin), and if(Hend) were lower during the latter (P < 0.05). In addition, when the dolphin determined the breath-hold duration (NS), the f(H) was more variable within and between individuals and trials, suggesting a conditioned capacity to adjust the f(H)-response. These results suggest that dolphins have the capacity to selectively alter the f(H)-response during diving and provide evidence for significant cardiovascular plasticity in dolphins.
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