DANIHELKA, Jiří, Lajos SOMLYAY and Petr PYŠEK. Nejstarší nálezy bolševníku velkolepého (Heracleum mantegazzianum) v Čechách (Earliest records of Heracleum mantegazzianum in Bohemia). Zprávy České botanické společnosti. 2020, vol. 55, No 2, p. 197-205. ISSN 1211-5258.
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Basic information
Original name Nejstarší nálezy bolševníku velkolepého (Heracleum mantegazzianum) v Čechách
Name (in English) Earliest records of Heracleum mantegazzianum in Bohemia
Authors DANIHELKA, Jiří (203 Czech Republic, guarantor, belonging to the institution), Lajos SOMLYAY and Petr PYŠEK (203 Czech Republic).
Edition Zprávy České botanické společnosti, 2020, 1211-5258.
Other information
Original language Czech
Type of outcome Article in a journal
Field of Study 10611 Plant sciences, botany
Country of publisher Czech Republic
Confidentiality degree is not subject to a state or trade secret
WWW URL
RIV identification code RIV/00216224:14310/20:00118082
Organization unit Faculty of Science
Keywords in English Apiaceae; Czech Republic; giant hogweed; herbarium records; plant invasion; Umbelliferae; year of introduction
Tags rivok
Tags Reviewed
Changed by Changed by: Ing. Jiří Danihelka, Ph.D., učo 5926. Changed: 1/2/2021 11:44.
Abstract
V herbáři Maďarského přírodovědného muzea (BP) byl objeven herbářový doklad bolševníku velkolepého (Heracleum mantegazzianum), který pořídil v roce 1871 při léčebném pobytu v Teplicích v Čechách Lajos Haynald, kaločský arcibiskup a významný mecenáš kultury, vědy a vzdělání v historických Uhrách. Sběr pochází pravděpodobně z kultury. Nejstarší dosud známý sběr bolševníku velkolepého pochází z roku 1877; je to sběr zplanělé rostliny z blízkosti Mariánských Lázní. Haynaldův sběr z Teplic tak představuje nejstarší fyzický doklad o přitomnosti tohoto druhu v Čechách. Při analýze starších floristických prací se ukázalo, že datace intrudukce, příp. zplanění bolševníku velkolepého v zámeckém parku v Kynžvartě nad Ohří rokem 1862 je nesprávná a je založena na chybně interpretovaném údaji o výskytu jedné morfologických variant domácího bolševníku obecného (H. sphondylium) na okraji Mariánských Lázní. Podle textů na internetu se dostal bolševník velkolepý do Čech už v roce 1815, a to jako dar ruského cara Alexandra I. knížeti Metternichovi během Vídeňského kongresu. Tento údaj se nám však nepodařilo ověřit v tištěných pramenech.
Abstract (in English)
A herbarium specimen of Heracleum mantegazzianum collected in 1871 in the spa of Teplice in northern Bohemia by Lajos Haynald, archbishop of Kalocsa-Bács in Hungary, was recently found in the Hungarian Natural History Museum in Budapest (herbarium BP). To our knowledge, this is the earliest preserved specimen of this invasive species from the territory of the current Czech Republic. It is assumed to have been collected in ornamental plantations in the town. Until recently, a specimen of an escaped plant of H. mantegazzianum collected in 1877 on the outskirts of the spa of Mariánské Lázně (formerly Marienbad)was considered the earliest herbarium record from this country. Examining the earliest record in this country of H. mantegazzianum from the town of Kynžvart (formerly Königswart) dated to 1862 and variously interpreted as relating either to cultivated or to escaped plants, we have arrived at the conclusion that this information is erroneous and misplaced as it is based on the misinterpretation of the name H. elegans, which certainly refers to a morphological variant of H. sphondylium recorded next to the nearby spa of Mariánské Lázně. In newspapers and in various texts found on the internet, H. mantegazzianum is reported to have arrived in Bohemia as early as in 1815 as a present of Russian tsar Alexander I for Austrian foreign minister Prince Metternich during the Congress of Vienna. Reportedly, the seeds were handed over to the minister in one of the malachite vases that are still on display in the Chateau of Kynžvart. However, we failed to find the primary source of this information and, therefore, the exact year of introduction into the chateau park of Kynžvart remains uncertain. Still, this is a plausible report, because Prince Metternich had at least some interest in natural history and established a small natural history museum in his Kynžvart Chateau, which he opened to the public.
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