This chapter aims to bring to the foreground recent developments regarding the situation of the Romanian diaspora. The first part of the chapter provides a taxonomy of the main public authorities interacting with the Romanian diaspora and of the key social policies affecting it. The second part of the chapter proceeds with an overview of how the institutional and policy setting on Romanian diaspora is working in concrete sectors. It will analyse in detail the policies, programmes and services offered by Romanian authorities to respond to the social protection needs of nationals abroad across five policy areas: unemployment, health care, pensions, family benefits, and guaranteed minimum resources.