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@article{1789782,
author = {Günthardt, Barbara F. and Wettstein, Felix E. and Hollender, Juliane and Singer, Heinz and Härri, Jana and Scheringer, Martin and Hungerbühler, Konrad and Bucheli, Thomas D.},
article_number = {2},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c06411},
keywords = {Plants; Contamination; Toxins; Surface waters; Computer simulations},
language = {eng},
issn = {0013-936X},
journal = {Environmental Science and Technology},
title = {Retrospective HRMS Screening and Dedicated Target Analysis Reveal a Wide Exposure to Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Small Streams},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.0c06411},
volume = {55},
year = {2021}
}
TY - JOUR
ID - 1789782
AU - Günthardt, Barbara F. - Wettstein, Felix E. - Hollender, Juliane - Singer, Heinz - Härri, Jana - Scheringer, Martin - Hungerbühler, Konrad - Bucheli, Thomas D.
PY - 2021
TI - Retrospective HRMS Screening and Dedicated Target Analysis Reveal a Wide Exposure to Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Small Streams
JF - Environmental Science and Technology
VL - 55
IS - 2
SP - 1036-1044
EP - 1036-1044
PB - American Chemical Society
SN - 0013936X
KW - Plants
KW - Contamination
KW - Toxins
KW - Surface waters
KW - Computer simulations
UR - https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.0c06411
N2 - Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are found to be toxic pollutants emitted into the environment by numerous plant species, resulting in contamination. In this article, we investigate the occurrence of PAs in the aquatic environment of small Swiss streams combining two different approaches. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are toxic secondary metabolites produced by numerous plant species. Although they were classified as persistent and mobile and found to be emitted into the environment, their occurrence in surface waters is largely unknown. Therefore, we performed a retrospective data analysis of two extensive HRMS campaigns each covering five small streams in Switzerland over the growing season. All sites were contaminated with up to 12 individual PAs and temporal detection frequencies between 36 and 87%. Individual PAs were in the low ng/L range, but rain-induced maximal total PA concentrations reached almost 100 ng/L in late spring and summer. Through PA patterns in water and plants, several species were tentatively identified as the source of contamination, with Senecio spp. and Echium vulgare being the most important. Additionally, two streams were monitored, and PAs were quantified with a newly developed, faster, and more sensitive LC-MS/MS method to distinguish different plant-based and indirect human PA sources. A distinctly different PA fingerprint in aqueous plant extracts pointed to invasive Senecio inaequidens as the main source of the surface water contamination at these sites. Results indicate that PA loads may increase if invasive species are sufficiently abundant.
ER -
GÜNTHARDT, Barbara F., Felix E. WETTSTEIN, Juliane HOLLENDER, Heinz SINGER, Jana HÄRRI, Martin SCHERINGER, Konrad HUNGERBÜHLER and Thomas D. BUCHELI. Retrospective HRMS Screening and Dedicated Target Analysis Reveal a Wide Exposure to Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Small Streams. \textit{Environmental Science and Technology}. American Chemical Society, 2021, vol.~55, No~2, p.~1036-1044. ISSN~0013-936X. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c06411.
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