Understanding neighborhood disadvantage: A behavior genetic analysis

KŠIŇAN, Albert and Alexander T. VAZSONYI. Understanding neighborhood disadvantage: A behavior genetic analysis. JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE. AMSTERDAM: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2021, vol. 73, 9 pp. ISSN 0047-2352. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2021.101782.

Basic information

• Original name: Understanding neighborhood disadvantage: A behavior genetic analysis
• Authors: KŠIŇAN, Albert and Alexander T. VAZSONYI.
• Edition: JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE, AMSTERDAM, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2021, 0047-2352.

Other information

• Original language: English
• Type of outcome: Article in a journal
• Confidentiality degree: is not subject to a state or trade secret
• Impact factor: Impact factor: 5.009
• Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2021.101782
• UT WoS: 000633375500007
• Keywords in English: Neighborhood disadvantage; Behavior genetics; Adolescence; Longitudinal analysis
• Tags: International impact, Reviewed

Abstract

Purpose: Studies have shown that disadvantaged neighborhoods are associated with higher levels of crime and delinquent behaviors. Existing explanations do not adequately address how individuals select neighborhood. Thus, the current study employed a genetically-informed design to test whether living in a disadvantaged neighborhood might be partly explained by individual characteristics, including self-control and cognitive ability. Method: A sibling subsample of N = 1573 Add Health siblings living away from their parents at Wave 4 was used in twin analyses to assess genetic and environmental effects on neighborhood disadvantage. To evaluate which individual-level variables might longitudinally predict neighborhood disadvantage, a sample of N = 12,405 individuals was used. Results: Findings provided evidence of significant heritability (32%) of neighborhood disadvantage. In addition, a significant negative effect by adolescent cognitive ability on neighborhood disadvantage 14 years later was observed (beta =-0.04, p = .002). Follow-up analyses showed a genetic effect on the association between cognitive ability and neighborhood disadvantage. Conclusions: Study findings indicate substantial heritability of neighborhood disadvantage, showing that individuals themselves might potentially contribute to a self-selection process that explains which neighborhoods they occupy as adults.