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@article{1809523,
author = {Raudenská, Martina and Balvan, Jan and Masařík, Michal},
article_location = {LONDON},
article_number = {1},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12943-021-01423-6},
keywords = {Autophagy; Autophagy inhibitors; Cancer; Endosomes; Multivesicular bodies; Extracellular vesicles; Exosomes; Amphisomes; Non-conventional secretory pathways},
language = {eng},
issn = {1476-4598},
journal = {Molecular Cancer},
title = {Crosstalk between autophagy inhibitors and endosome-related secretory pathways: a challenge for autophagy-based treatment of solid cancers},
url = {https://molecular-cancer.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12943-021-01423-6.pdf},
volume = {20},
year = {2021}
}
TY - JOUR
ID - 1809523
AU - Raudenská, Martina - Balvan, Jan - Masařík, Michal
PY - 2021
TI - Crosstalk between autophagy inhibitors and endosome-related secretory pathways: a challenge for autophagy-based treatment of solid cancers
JF - Molecular Cancer
VL - 20
IS - 1
SP - 1-27
EP - 1-27
PB - BioMed Central
SN - 14764598
KW - Autophagy
KW - Autophagy inhibitors
KW - Cancer
KW - Endosomes
KW - Multivesicular bodies
KW - Extracellular vesicles
KW - Exosomes
KW - Amphisomes
KW - Non-conventional secretory pathways
UR - https://molecular-cancer.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12943-021-01423-6.pdf
N2 - Autophagy is best known for its role in organelle and protein turnover, cell quality control, and metabolism. The autophagic machinery has, however, also adapted to enable protein trafficking and unconventional secretory pathways so that organelles (such as autophagosomes and multivesicular bodies) delivering cargo to lysosomes for degradation can change their mission from fusion with lysosomes to fusion with the plasma membrane, followed by secretion of the cargo from the cell. Some factors with key signalling functions do not enter the conventional secretory pathway but can be secreted in an autophagy-mediated manner. Positive clinical results of some autophagy inhibitors are encouraging. Nevertheless, it is becoming clear that autophagy inhibition, even within the same cancer type, can affect cancer progression differently. Even next-generation inhibitors of autophagy can have significant non-specific effects, such as impacts on endosome-related secretory pathways and secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Many studies suggest that cancer cells release higher amounts of EVs compared to non-malignant cells, which makes the effect of autophagy inhibitors on EVs secretion highly important and attractive for anticancer therapy. In this review article, we discuss how different inhibitors of autophagy may influence the secretion of EVs and summarize the non-specific effects of autophagy inhibitors with a focus on endosome-related secretory pathways. Modulation of autophagy significantly impacts not only the quantity of EVs but also their content, which can have a deep impact on the resulting pro-tumourigenic or anticancer effect of autophagy inhibitors used in the antineoplastic treatment of solid cancers.
ER -
RAUDENSKÁ, Martina, Jan BALVAN and Michal MASAŘÍK. Crosstalk between autophagy inhibitors and endosome-related secretory pathways: a challenge for autophagy-based treatment of solid cancers. \textit{Molecular Cancer}. LONDON: BioMed Central, 2021, vol.~20, No~1, p.~1-27. ISSN~1476-4598. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12943-021-01423-6.
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