Feminitivy s suffixom -icha v těxtach XVIII–XX vv.: korpusnoje issledovanije

SOKOLOVA, Anastasija and Liliia KILINA. Feminitivy s suffixom -icha v těxtach XVIII–XX vv.: korpusnoje issledovanije (Feminitives with the suffix -ix(a) in Russian texts of the 18th–20th centuries: A corpus-based study). Voprosy Jazykoznanija. Moscow, Russia: Russian Acad Sciences, State Acad Univ Humanities, 2022, vol. 2022, No 1, p. 85-105. ISSN 0373-658X. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.31857/0373-658X.2022.1.85-105.

Basic information

• Original name: Feminitivy s suffixom -icha v těxtach XVIII–XX vv.: korpusnoje issledovanije
• Name (in English): Feminitives with the suffix -ix(a) in Russian texts of the 18th–20th centuries: A corpus-based study
• Authors: SOKOLOVA, Anastasija (203 Czech Republic, guarantor, belonging to the institution) and Liliia KILINA.
• Edition: Voprosy Jazykoznanija, Moscow, Russia, Russian Acad Sciences, State Acad Univ Humanities, 2022, 0373-658X.

Other information

• Original language: Russian
• Type of outcome: Article in a journal
• Field of Study: 60202 Specific languages
• Country of publisher: Russian Federation
• Confidentiality degree: is not subject to a state or trade secret
• WWW: Webové stránky časopisu Voprosy Jazykoznanija
• Impact factor: Impact factor: 0.400
• RIV identification code: RIV/00216224:14410/22:00125249
• Organization unit: Faculty of Education
• Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/0373-658X.2022.1.85-105
• UT WoS: 000748277800004
• Keywords (in Czech): korpusová lingvistika; feminativa; derivace; gramatický rod; ruština; sufixy
• Keywords in English: corpus linguistics; derivation; feminitives; gender; Russian; suffixes
• Tags: International impact, Reviewed

Abstract

V staťje rassmatrivajetsja funkcionirovanije imen suščestvitělnych s suffixom -icha v russkom jazyke i istoričeskoj točki zrenija: načinaja ot pervych upotreblenij v těxtach, upominanij v grammatikach (naprimer, v grammatike M.V. Lomonosova) i zakančivaja sovremennymi issledovanijami, posvjaščennymi feminitivam. Istoričeskije dannyje svidětělstvujut o tom, čto suffix -icha byl pervonačalno suffixom suščestvitělnych mužskogo roda, daleje čerez ženskije prozvišča (naimenovanije lica ženskogo pola po sootvetstvujuščemu slovu mužskogo roda) pronik v sferu ženskogo slovoobrazovanija i zakrepilsja v nem, odnako so stilističeskimi ograničenijami (razgovornyj suffix s ekspressivnoj / ocenočnoj okraskoj). V rabotě takže predstavleny rezultaty korpusnogo issledovanija feminitivov s suffixom -icha, vstrečajuščichsja v těxtach XVIII-XX vv. Analiz korpusnych dannych priveden po každomu veku otdělno s učetom ograničenija těxtov po stilističeskomu priznaku i bez nego. Na matěriale dannych Nacionalnogo korpusa russkogo jazyka byla vyjavlena častotnosť feminitivov na -icha v těxtach XVIII, XIX i XX vv. V korpuse těxtov XVIII v. obnaruženo vsego 8 feminitivov na -icha, v korpuse těxtov XIX v. – 20, a v korpuse těxtov XX v. – 74. Samyje častotnyjě lemmy (ščegolicha, kupčicha, portnicha) proanalizirovany kak s točki zrenija ich upotreblenija v korpuse, tak i s točki zrenija ich naličija / otsutstvija v tolkovych slovarjach XVIII–XX vv. Primečatelno, čto v tolkovych slovarjach feminitivy čašče vsego privodjatsja ně v samostojatelnoj slovarnoj staťje, a objasňajutsja čerez slovo mužskogo roda pri pomošči konstrukcii "žensk. k (m. r.)". V svjazi s etim v dannoj staťje dělajetsja popytka razgraničenija grammatičeskogo (slovoobrazovatělnogo) značenija i lexičeskogo značenija feminitivov na -icha, kotoroje ně vsegda četko provoditsja v slovarjach.

Abstract (in English)

The paper is devoted to Russian nouns with the feminizing suffix -ix(a) in historical perspective, starting with the first occurrences in texts and mentions in grammars (for example, in M. V. Lomonosov’s grammar) and ending with recent studies on feminitives. Historical data indicate that -ix(a) was originally a suffix of masculine nouns, and later acquired feminizing function through usage in female nicknames derived from masculine nouns, while retaining affective / evaluative flavor. The paper also presents the results of a corpus study of feminitives with the suffix -ix(a) in texts of the 18th–20th centuries. An analysis of the corpus data is given for each century separately, with stylistic restrictions and without them.Eight feminitives with -ix(a) were found in 18th-century texts, 20 in 19th-century texts, and 74 in 20th-century texts. For the most frequent lemmas (ščegolixa ‘female dandy’, kupčixa ‘merchant woman’, portnixa ‘female dressmaker’), we analyze both their use in the corpus and their presence/absence in explanatory dictionaries of the 18th–21st centuries. It is noteworthy that in explanatory dictionaries, feminitives are most often not given in an independent dictionary entry, but are explained through the masculine noun as “feminine from (masc.)”. In this regard, this paper also attempts to distinguish between the grammatical (derivational) meaning and the lexical meaning of the feminitives with -ikh(a), which is not always carefully made in dictionaries.