Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for
monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

J 2021

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

KLIONSKY, DJ., AK. ABDEL-AZIZ, S. ABDELFATAH, M. ABDELLATIF, A. ABDOLI et. al.

Basic information

Original name

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

Authors

KLIONSKY, DJ., AK. ABDEL-AZIZ, S. ABDELFATAH, M. ABDELLATIF, A. ABDOLI, S. ABEL, H. ABELIOVICH, MH. ABILDGAARD, YP. ABUDU, A. ACEVEDO-AROZENA, IE. ADAMOPOULOS, K. ADELI, TE. ADOLPH, A. ADORNETTO, E. AFLAKI, G. AGAM, A. AGARWAL, BB. AGGARWAL, M. AGNELLO, P. AGOSTINIS, JN. AGREWALA, A. AGROTIS, PV. AGUILAR, ST. AHMAD, ZM. AHMED, U. AHUMADA-CASTRO, S. AITS, S. AIZAWA, Y. AKKOC, T. AKOUMIANAKI, HA. AKPINAR, AM. AL-ABD, L. AL-AKRA, A. AL-GHARAIBEH, MA. ALAOUI-JAMALI, S. ALBERTI, E. ALCOCER-GÓMEZ, C. ALESSANDRI, M. ALI, MA. ALIM AL-BARI, S. ALIWAINI, J. ALIZADEH, E. ALMACELLAS, A. ALMASAN, A. ALONSO, GD. ALONSO, N. ALTAN-BONNET, DC. ALTIERI, EMC. ÁLVAREZ, S. ALVES, C. ALVES DA COSTA, MM. ALZAHARNA, M. AMADIO, C. AMANTINI, C. AMARAL, S. AMBROSIO, AO. AMER, V. AMMANATHAN, Z. AN, SU. ANDERSEN, SA. ANDRABI, M. ANDRADE-SILVA, AM. ANDRES, S. ANGELINI, D. ANN, UC. ANOZIE, MY. ANSARI, P. ANTAS, A. ANTEBI, Z. ANTÓN, T. ANWAR, L. APETOH, N. APOSTOLOVA, T. ARAKI, Y. ARAKI, K. ARASAKI, WL ARAÚJO., J. ARAYA, C. ARDEN, MA. ARÉVALO, S. ARGUELLES, E. ARIAS, Iva SLANINOVÁ (203 Czech Republic, guarantor, belonging to the institution) and ET AL.

Edition

Autophagy, Philadelphia, Taylor & Francis INC, 2021, 1554-8627

Other information

Language

English

Type of outcome

Článek v odborném periodiku

Field of Study

10601 Cell biology

Country of publisher

United States of America

Confidentiality degree

není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství

References:

URL

Impact factor

Impact factor: 13.391

RIV identification code

RIV/00216224:14110/21:00124317

Organization unit

Faculty of Medicine

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280

UT WoS

000636121800001

Keywords in English

Autophagosome; cancer; flux; LC3; lysosome; macroautophagy; neurodegeneration; phagophore; stress; vacuole

Abstract

V originále

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.

Citovat

KLIONSKY, DJ., AK. ABDEL-AZIZ, S. ABDELFATAH, M. ABDELLATIF, A. ABDOLI, S. ABEL, H. ABELIOVICH, MH. ABILDGAARD, YP. ABUDU, A. ACEVEDO-AROZENA, IE. ADAMOPOULOS, K. ADELI, TE. ADOLPH, A. ADORNETTO, E. AFLAKI, G. AGAM, A. AGARWAL, BB. AGGARWAL, M. AGNELLO, P. AGOSTINIS, JN. AGREWALA, A. AGROTIS, PV. AGUILAR, ST. AHMAD, ZM. AHMED, U. AHUMADA-CASTRO, S. AITS, S. AIZAWA, Y. AKKOC, T. AKOUMIANAKI, HA. AKPINAR, AM. AL-ABD, L. AL-AKRA, A. AL-GHARAIBEH, MA. ALAOUI-JAMALI, S. ALBERTI, E. ALCOCER-GÓMEZ, C. ALESSANDRI, M. ALI, MA. ALIM AL-BARI, S. ALIWAINI, J. ALIZADEH, E. ALMACELLAS, A. ALMASAN, A. ALONSO, GD. ALONSO, N. ALTAN-BONNET, DC. ALTIERI, EMC. ÁLVAREZ, S. ALVES, C. ALVES DA COSTA, MM. ALZAHARNA, M. AMADIO, C. AMANTINI, C. AMARAL, S. AMBROSIO, AO. AMER, V. AMMANATHAN, Z. AN, SU. ANDERSEN, SA. ANDRABI, M. ANDRADE-SILVA, AM. ANDRES, S. ANGELINI, D. ANN, UC. ANOZIE, MY. ANSARI, P. ANTAS, A. ANTEBI, Z. ANTÓN, T. ANWAR, L. APETOH, N. APOSTOLOVA, T. ARAKI, Y. ARAKI, K. ARASAKI, WL ARAÚJO., J. ARAYA, C. ARDEN, MA. ARÉVALO, S. ARGUELLES, E. ARIAS, Iva SLANINOVÁ and ET AL. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition). Autophagy. Philadelphia: Taylor & Francis INC, 2021, vol. 17, No 1, p. 1-382. ISSN 1554-8627. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280.

@article{1837755,
   author = {Klionsky, DJ. and AbdelandAziz, AK. and Abdelfatah, S. and Abdellatif, M. and Abdoli, A. and Abel, S. and Abeliovich, H. and Abildgaard, MH. and Abudu, YP. and AcevedoandArozena, A. and Adamopoulos, IE. and Adeli, K. and Adolph, TE. and Adornetto, A. and Aflaki, E. and Agam, G. and Agarwal, A. and Aggarwal, BB. and Agnello, M. and Agostinis, P. and Agrewala, JN. and Agrotis, A. and Aguilar, PV. and Ahmad, ST. and Ahmed, ZM. and AhumadaandCastro, U. and Aits, S. and Aizawa, S. and Akkoc, Y. and Akoumianaki, T. and Akpinar, HA. and AlandAbd, AM. and AlandAkra, L. and AlandGharaibeh, A. and AlaouiandJamali, MA. and Alberti, S. and AlcocerandGómez, E. and Alessandri, C. and Ali, M. and Alim AlandBari, MA. and Aliwaini, S. and Alizadeh, J. and Almacellas, E. and Almasan, A. and Alonso, A. and Alonso, GD. and AltanandBonnet, N. and Altieri, DC. and Álvarez, EMC. and Alves, S. and Alves da Costa, C. and Alzaharna, MM. and Amadio, M. and Amantini, C. and Amaral, C. and Ambrosio, S. and Amer, AO. and Ammanathan, V. and An, Z. and Andersen, SU. and Andrabi, SA. and AndradeandSilva, M. and Andres, AM. and Angelini, S. and Ann, D. and Anozie, UC. and Ansari, MY. and Antas, P. and Antebi, A. and Antón, Z. and Anwar, T. and Apetoh, L. and Apostolova, N. and Araki, T. and Araki, Y. and Arasaki, K. and Araújo., WL and Araya, J. and Arden, C. and Arévalo, MA. and Arguelles, S. and Arias, E. and Slaninová, Iva and AL., ET},
   article_location = {Philadelphia},
   article_number = {1},
   doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280},
   keywords = {Autophagosome; cancer; flux; LC3; lysosome; macroautophagy; neurodegeneration; phagophore; stress; vacuole},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {1554-8627},
   journal = {Autophagy},
   title = {Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)},
   url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280},
   volume = {17},
   year = {2021}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1837755
AU  - Klionsky, DJ. - Abdel-Aziz, AK. - Abdelfatah, S. - Abdellatif, M. - Abdoli, A. - Abel, S. - Abeliovich, H. - Abildgaard, MH. - Abudu, YP. - Acevedo-Arozena, A. - Adamopoulos, IE. - Adeli, K. - Adolph, TE. - Adornetto, A. - Aflaki, E. - Agam, G. - Agarwal, A. - Aggarwal, BB. - Agnello, M. - Agostinis, P. - Agrewala, JN. - Agrotis, A. - Aguilar, PV. - Ahmad, ST. - Ahmed, ZM. - Ahumada-Castro, U. - Aits, S. - Aizawa, S. - Akkoc, Y. - Akoumianaki, T. - Akpinar, HA. - Al-Abd, AM. - Al-Akra, L. - Al-Gharaibeh, A. - Alaoui-Jamali, MA. - Alberti, S. - Alcocer-Gómez, E. - Alessandri, C. - Ali, M. - Alim Al-Bari, MA. - Aliwaini, S. - Alizadeh, J. - Almacellas, E. - Almasan, A. - Alonso, A. - Alonso, GD. - Altan-Bonnet, N. - Altieri, DC. - Álvarez, EMC. - Alves, S. - Alves da Costa, C. - Alzaharna, MM. - Amadio, M. - Amantini, C. - Amaral, C. - Ambrosio, S. - Amer, AO. - Ammanathan, V. - An, Z. - Andersen, SU. - Andrabi, SA. - Andrade-Silva, M. - Andres, AM. - Angelini, S. - Ann, D. - Anozie, UC. - Ansari, MY. - Antas, P. - Antebi, A. - Antón, Z. - Anwar, T. - Apetoh, L. - Apostolova, N. - Araki, T. - Araki, Y. - Arasaki, K. - Araújo., WL - Araya, J. - Arden, C. - Arévalo, MA. - Arguelles, S. - Arias, E. - Slaninová, Iva - AL., ET
PY  - 2021
TI  - Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)
JF  - Autophagy
VL  - 17
IS  - 1
SP  - 1-382
EP  - 1-382
PB  - Taylor & Francis INC
SN  - 15548627
KW  - Autophagosome
KW  - cancer
KW  - flux
KW  - LC3
KW  - lysosome
KW  - macroautophagy
KW  - neurodegeneration
KW  - phagophore
KW  - stress
KW  - vacuole
UR  - https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280
N2  - In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.
ER  -

KLIONSKY, DJ., AK. ABDEL-AZIZ, S. ABDELFATAH, M. ABDELLATIF, A. ABDOLI, S. ABEL, H. ABELIOVICH, MH. ABILDGAARD, YP. ABUDU, A. ACEVEDO-AROZENA, IE. ADAMOPOULOS, K. ADELI, TE. ADOLPH, A. ADORNETTO, E. AFLAKI, G. AGAM, A. AGARWAL, BB. AGGARWAL, M. AGNELLO, P. AGOSTINIS, JN. AGREWALA, A. AGROTIS, PV. AGUILAR, ST. AHMAD, ZM. AHMED, U. AHUMADA-CASTRO, S. AITS, S. AIZAWA, Y. AKKOC, T. AKOUMIANAKI, HA. AKPINAR, AM. AL-ABD, L. AL-AKRA, A. AL-GHARAIBEH, MA. ALAOUI-JAMALI, S. ALBERTI, E. ALCOCER-GÓMEZ, C. ALESSANDRI, M. ALI, MA. ALIM AL-BARI, S. ALIWAINI, J. ALIZADEH, E. ALMACELLAS, A. ALMASAN, A. ALONSO, GD. ALONSO, N. ALTAN-BONNET, DC. ALTIERI, EMC. ÁLVAREZ, S. ALVES, C. ALVES DA COSTA, MM. ALZAHARNA, M. AMADIO, C. AMANTINI, C. AMARAL, S. AMBROSIO, AO. AMER, V. AMMANATHAN, Z. AN, SU. ANDERSEN, SA. ANDRABI, M. ANDRADE-SILVA, AM. ANDRES, S. ANGELINI, D. ANN, UC. ANOZIE, MY. ANSARI, P. ANTAS, A. ANTEBI, Z. ANTÓN, T. ANWAR, L. APETOH, N. APOSTOLOVA, T. ARAKI, Y. ARAKI, K. ARASAKI, WL ARAÚJO., J. ARAYA, C. ARDEN, MA. ARÉVALO, S. ARGUELLES, E. ARIAS, Iva SLANINOVÁ and ET AL. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition). \textit{Autophagy}. Philadelphia: Taylor \&{} Francis INC, 2021, vol.~17, No~1, p.~1-382. ISSN~1554-8627. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280.

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