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@article{2210740,
author = {Lamaczová, Adéla and Malina, Tomáš and Odehnalová, Klára and Opatřilová, Radka and Přibilová, Petra and Zezulka, Štěpán and Maršálek, Blahoslav and Maršálková, Eliška},
article_location = {Basel},
article_number = {9},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14091484},
keywords = {Lemna minor; benzodiazepines; diazepam; oxazepam; temazepam; nordazepam; ecotoxicology; surface water; aquatic plants; phytoremediation},
language = {eng},
issn = {2073-4441},
journal = {WATER},
title = {Anxiety in Duckweed–Metabolism and Effect of Diazepam on Lemna minor},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/9/1484},
volume = {14},
year = {2022}
}
TY - JOUR
ID - 2210740
AU - Lamaczová, Adéla - Malina, Tomáš - Odehnalová, Klára - Opatřilová, Radka - Přibilová, Petra - Zezulka, Štěpán - Maršálek, Blahoslav - Maršálková, Eliška
PY - 2022
TI - Anxiety in Duckweed–Metabolism and Effect of Diazepam on Lemna minor
JF - WATER
VL - 14
IS - 9
SP - 1-12
EP - 1-12
PB - MDPI
SN - 20734441
KW - Lemna minor
KW - benzodiazepines
KW - diazepam
KW - oxazepam
KW - temazepam
KW - nordazepam
KW - ecotoxicology
KW - surface water
KW - aquatic plants
KW - phytoremediation
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/9/1484
N2 - The fate of pharmaceuticals in the human body, from their absorption to excretion is well studied. However, medication often leaves the patient’s body in an unchanged or metabolised, yet still active, form. Diazepam and its metabolites, ranging up to 100 µg/L, have been detected in surface waters worldwide; therefore, the question of its influence on model aquatic plants, such as duckweed (Lemna minor), needs to be addressed. Lemna was cultivated in a Steinberg medium containing diazepam in three concentrations—0.2, 20, and 2000 µg/L. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), leaf count, mass, and the fluorescence quantum yield of photosynthesis were assessed. The medium was also analysed by LC-MS/MS to determine the concentration of diazepam metabolites. Our results show no negative impact of diazepam on Lemna minor, even in concentrations significantly higher than those that are ecotoxicologically relevant. On the contrary, the influence of diazepam on Lemna suggests growth stimulation and a similarity to the effect diazepam has on the human body. The comparison to the human body may be accurate because γ-Aminobutyric acid-like (GABA-like) receptors responsible for the effect in humans have also been recently described in plants. Therefore, our results can open an interesting scientific area, indicating that GABA receptors and interference with benzodiazepines are evolutionarily much older than previously anticipated. This could help to answer more questions related to the reaction of aquatic organisms to micropollutants such as psychopharmaceuticals.
ER -
LAMACZOVÁ, Adéla, Tomáš MALINA, Klára ODEHNALOVÁ, Radka OPATŘILOVÁ, Petra PŘIBILOVÁ, Štěpán ZEZULKA, Blahoslav MARŠÁLEK and Eliška MARŠÁLKOVÁ. Anxiety in Duckweed–Metabolism and Effect of Diazepam on Lemna minor. \textit{WATER}. Basel: MDPI, 2022, vol.~14, No~9, p.~1-12. ISSN~2073-4441. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14091484.
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