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BONAVENTURA, Zdeněk, Petr BÍLEK, Ján TUNGLI and Milan ŠIMEK. Analysis of secondary emission mechanism in electron avalanches propagating in cylindrical nanoruptures in liquid water. Plasma Sources Science and Technology. IOP Publishing Ltd, 2022, vol. 31, No 3, p. 1-9. ISSN 0963-0252. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ac4ddf.

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TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2210817
AU  - Bonaventura, Zdeněk - Bílek, Petr - Tungli, Ján - Šimek, Milan
PY  - 2022
TI  - Analysis of secondary emission mechanism in electron avalanches propagating in cylindrical nanoruptures in liquid water
JF  - Plasma Sources Science and Technology
VL  - 31
IS  - 3
SP  - 1-9
EP  - 1-9
PB  - IOP Publishing Ltd
SN  - 09630252
KW  - electron multiplication
KW  - secondary emission
KW  - electrostriction
KW  - electron avalanche
KW  - water
KW  - nanosecond discharge in liquid water
UR  - https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6595/ac4ddf/meta
N2  - Recently, a bouncing-like mechanism for electron multiplication inside long nano-ruptures during the early stages of nanosecond discharge in liquid water has been proposed in (Bonaventura 2021 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 30 065023). This mechanism leads to the formation of electron avalanches within nano-ruptures caused by strong electrostrictive forces. The avalanche propagation is a self-sustaining process: the electrons emitted from the water surface to the cavity support the propagation of the avalanche and the avalanche itself is a source of the parent electrons impinging on the surface of the nano-rupture and causing secondary emission. We analyze the process of the electron secondary emission directly from the simulation results of the electron avalanche propagation. This allow us to perform an in situ study of the secondary emission and related physical processes. We present the results of an extensive parametric study performed using the state-of-the-art simulation toolkit Geant4-DNA for modeling electron-liquid water interactions. It is shown that the typical lifetime of an electron in an avalanche is about 0.1 to 0.2 picoseconds and that the electron experiences about 4 bounces before ending up in liquid water. In addition, it is shown that the secondary electrons are formed in a layer adjacent to the nano-rupture surface that is only a few nanometres thin. The secondary electron velocity distribution at the moment of the electron birth, the velocity space of electrons (re-)emitted from the water, and the velocity space of electrons at the moment of their impact to the cavity surface are analyzed in detail. Electron bouncing and secondary electron generation efficiency are quantified using the secondary emission coefficient, the secondary emission efficiency, and the effective energy consumed to produce new electrons.
ER  -

Basic information
Original name	Analysis of secondary emission mechanism in electron avalanches propagating in cylindrical nanoruptures in liquid water
Authors	BONAVENTURA, Zdeněk (203 Czech Republic, guarantor, belonging to the institution), Petr BÍLEK (203 Czech Republic, belonging to the institution), Ján TUNGLI (703 Slovakia, belonging to the institution) and Milan ŠIMEK (203 Czech Republic).
Edition	Plasma Sources Science and Technology, IOP Publishing Ltd, 2022, 0963-0252.

Other information
Original language	English
Type of outcome	Article in a journal
Field of Study	10305 Fluids and plasma physics
Country of publisher	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Confidentiality degree	is not subject to a state or trade secret
WWW	URL
Impact factor	Impact factor: 3.800
RIV identification code	RIV/00216224:14310/22:00126393
Organization unit	Faculty of Science
Doi	http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ac4ddf
UT WoS	000765966700001
Keywords in English	electron multiplication; secondary emission; electrostriction; electron avalanche; water; nanosecond discharge in liquid water
Tags	rivok
Tags	International impact, Reviewed
Changed by	Changed by: Mgr. Marie Šípková, DiS., učo 437722. Changed: 22/2/2024 10:43.

Abstract
Recently, a bouncing-like mechanism for electron multiplication inside long nano-ruptures during the early stages of nanosecond discharge in liquid water has been proposed in (Bonaventura 2021 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 30 065023). This mechanism leads to the formation of electron avalanches within nano-ruptures caused by strong electrostrictive forces. The avalanche propagation is a self-sustaining process: the electrons emitted from the water surface to the cavity support the propagation of the avalanche and the avalanche itself is a source of the parent electrons impinging on the surface of the nano-rupture and causing secondary emission. We analyze the process of the electron secondary emission directly from the simulation results of the electron avalanche propagation. This allow us to perform an in situ study of the secondary emission and related physical processes. We present the results of an extensive parametric study performed using the state-of-the-art simulation toolkit Geant4-DNA for modeling electron-liquid water interactions. It is shown that the typical lifetime of an electron in an avalanche is about 0.1 to 0.2 picoseconds and that the electron experiences about 4 bounces before ending up in liquid water. In addition, it is shown that the secondary electrons are formed in a layer adjacent to the nano-rupture surface that is only a few nanometres thin. The secondary electron velocity distribution at the moment of the electron birth, the velocity space of electrons (re-)emitted from the water, and the velocity space of electrons at the moment of their impact to the cavity surface are analyzed in detail. Electron bouncing and secondary electron generation efficiency are quantified using the secondary emission coefficient, the secondary emission efficiency, and the effective energy consumed to produce new electrons.

Abstract

Recently, a bouncing-like mechanism for electron multiplication inside long nano-ruptures during the early stages of nanosecond discharge in liquid water has been proposed in (Bonaventura 2021 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 30 065023). This mechanism leads to the formation of electron avalanches within nano-ruptures caused by strong electrostrictive forces. The avalanche propagation is a self-sustaining process: the electrons emitted from the water surface to the cavity support the propagation of the avalanche and the avalanche itself is a source of the parent electrons impinging on the surface of the nano-rupture and causing secondary emission. We analyze the process of the electron secondary emission directly from the simulation results of the electron avalanche propagation. This allow us to perform an in situ study of the secondary emission and related physical processes. We present the results of an extensive parametric study performed using the state-of-the-art simulation toolkit Geant4-DNA for modeling electron-liquid water interactions. It is shown that the typical lifetime of an electron in an avalanche is about 0.1 to 0.2 picoseconds and that the electron experiences about 4 bounces before ending up in liquid water. In addition, it is shown that the secondary electrons are formed in a layer adjacent to the nano-rupture surface that is only a few nanometres thin. The secondary electron velocity distribution at the moment of the electron birth, the velocity space of electrons (re-)emitted from the water, and the velocity space of electrons at the moment of their impact to the cavity surface are analyzed in detail. Electron bouncing and secondary electron generation efficiency are quantified using the secondary emission coefficient, the secondary emission efficiency, and the effective energy consumed to produce new electrons.

Links
GA18-04676S, research and development project	Name: Základní mechanismy nanosekundového výboje v kapalné vodě
GA18-04676S, research and development project	Investor: Czech Science Foundation
90097, large research infrastructures	Name: CEPLANT