Analysis of photometric and spectroscopic variability of red
supergiant Betelgeuse

J 2023

Analysis of photometric and spectroscopic variability of red supergiant Betelgeuse

JADLOVSKÝ, Daniel, Jiří KRTIČKA, Ernst PAUNZEN and Vladimír ŠTEFL

Basic information

Original name

Analysis of photometric and spectroscopic variability of red supergiant Betelgeuse

Authors

JADLOVSKÝ, Daniel (203 Czech Republic, guarantor, belonging to the institution), Jiří KRTIČKA (203 Czech Republic, belonging to the institution), Ernst PAUNZEN (40 Austria, belonging to the institution) and Vladimír ŠTEFL (203 Czech Republic, belonging to the institution)

Edition

New Astronomy, Amsterdam, Elsevier Science, 2023, 1384-1076

Other information

Language

English

Type of outcome

Článek v odborném periodiku

Field of Study

10308 Astronomy

Country of publisher

Netherlands

Confidentiality degree

není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství

References:

URL URL

Impact factor

Impact factor: 2.000 in 2022

RIV identification code

RIV/00216224:14310/23:00130070

Organization unit

Faculty of Science

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.newast.2022.101962

UT WoS

000892224100003

Keywords in English

Betelgeuse; Red supergiants; Radial velocity; Photometry; Spectroscopy; Stellar pulsations

Abstract

V originále

Betelgeuse is a pulsating red supergiant whose brightness is semi periodically variable and in February 2020 reached a historical minimum, the Great Dimming. The aims of this study are to characterize Betelgeuse’s variability based on available archival data and to study possible causes of light variability. Many spectra, from ultraviolet and optical regions, were evaluated for spectral analysis. The spectra were used primarily to determine radial velocities from different layers of atmosphere and their long-term evolution. Additionally, photometric data were analysed in different filters as well, to construct light curves and to determine periods of the variability. Spectroscopic and photometric variability are compared to each other and given into a context with the Great Dimming. The two most dominant photometric periods are P1=2190±270d and P2=417±17d, while the dominant optical (photospheric) radial velocity periods are P1,vr=2510±440d and P2,vr=415±11d. During the same time, the radial velocity determined from ultraviolet spectra also shows variability and is distinctively different from the variability of photospheric velocity, undergoing longer periods of variability. We attribute these velocities to the velocities at the base of outflowing wind. We also report a maximum of stellar wind velocity during the Great Dimming, accompanied by the previously reported minimum of brightness and the maximum of photospheric radial velocity. After the Dimming, Betelgeuse’s mode of variability has fundamentally changed and is now instead following a shorter period of ∼200d.

Citovat

JADLOVSKÝ, Daniel, Jiří KRTIČKA, Ernst PAUNZEN and Vladimír ŠTEFL. Analysis of photometric and spectroscopic variability of red supergiant Betelgeuse. New Astronomy. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 2023, vol. 99, February, p. 1-10. ISSN 1384-1076. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.newast.2022.101962.

@article{2232242,
   author = {Jadlovský, Daniel and Krtička, Jiří and Paunzen, Ernst and Štefl, Vladimír},
   article_location = {Amsterdam},
   article_number = {February},
   doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.newast.2022.101962},
   keywords = {Betelgeuse; Red supergiants; Radial velocity; Photometry; Spectroscopy; Stellar pulsations},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {1384-1076},
   journal = {New Astronomy},
   title = {Analysis of photometric and spectroscopic variability of red supergiant Betelgeuse},
   url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.04380.pdf},
   volume = {99},
   year = {2023}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2232242
AU  - Jadlovský, Daniel - Krtička, Jiří - Paunzen, Ernst - Štefl, Vladimír
PY  - 2023
TI  - Analysis of photometric and spectroscopic variability of red supergiant Betelgeuse
JF  - New Astronomy
VL  - 99
IS  - February
SP  - 1-10
EP  - 1-10
PB  - Elsevier Science
SN  - 13841076
KW  - Betelgeuse
KW  - Red supergiants
KW  - Radial velocity
KW  - Photometry
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Stellar pulsations
UR  - https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.04380.pdf
N2  - Betelgeuse is a pulsating red supergiant whose brightness is semi periodically variable and in February 2020 reached a historical minimum, the Great Dimming. The aims of this study are to characterize Betelgeuse’s variability based on available archival data and to study possible causes of light variability. Many spectra, from ultraviolet and optical regions, were evaluated for spectral analysis. The spectra were used primarily to determine radial velocities from different layers of atmosphere and their long-term evolution. Additionally, photometric data were analysed in different filters as well, to construct light curves and to determine periods of the variability. Spectroscopic and photometric variability are compared to each other and given into a context with the Great Dimming. The two most dominant photometric periods are P1=2190±270d and P2=417±17d, while the dominant optical (photospheric) radial velocity periods are P1,vr=2510±440d and P2,vr=415±11d. During the same time, the radial velocity determined from ultraviolet spectra also shows variability and is distinctively different from the variability of photospheric velocity, undergoing longer periods of variability. We attribute these velocities to the velocities at the base of outflowing wind. We also report a maximum of stellar wind velocity during the Great Dimming, accompanied by the previously reported minimum of brightness and the maximum of photospheric radial velocity. After the Dimming, Betelgeuse’s mode of variability has fundamentally changed and is now instead following a shorter period of ∼200d.
ER  -

JADLOVSKÝ, Daniel, Jiří KRTIČKA, Ernst PAUNZEN and Vladimír ŠTEFL. Analysis of photometric and spectroscopic variability of red supergiant Betelgeuse. \textit{New Astronomy}. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 2023, vol.~99, February, p.~1-10. ISSN~1384-1076. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.newast.2022.101962.

Detailed Information on Publication Record