Defences of Arachnids: diversified arsenal used against range
of enemies

J 2022

Defences of Arachnids: diversified arsenal used against range of enemies

PEKÁR, Stanislav and Günther RASPOTNIG

Basic information

Original name

Defences of Arachnids: diversified arsenal used against range of enemies

Authors

PEKÁR, Stanislav (703 Slovakia, guarantor, belonging to the institution) and Günther RASPOTNIG

Edition

ENTOMOLOGIA GENERALIS, GERMANY, E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG, 2022, 0171-8177

Other information

Language

English

Type of outcome

Článek v odborném periodiku

Field of Study

10616 Entomology

Country of publisher

Germany

Confidentiality degree

není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství

References:

URL

Impact factor

Impact factor: 6.900

RIV identification code

RIV/00216224:14310/22:00129298

Organization unit

Faculty of Science

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2022/1531

UT WoS

000826544000001

Keywords in English

Anachoresis; background matching; camouflage; aposematism; mimicry

Abstract

V originále

Arachnida represent a hyperdiverse group of terrestrial arthropods. Although arachnids are mostly predators, they often fall prey to other predators. Here, the diversity of enemies and the defences of arachnids which are used against their predators is reviewed. The main predators of arachnids are other arachnids, followed by insects, mammals and birds. Almost all types of defences has evolved in this class, but countershading, and elusiveness await to be discovered in Arachnida. Overall, empirical evidence is rare but has slowly been accumulating over the last decade. Anachoresis is used most frequently across all orders; only in Acari, Araneae, Opiliones, and Solifugae it is rivalled by background matching, and Batesian mimicry. The number of different types of defences used by an order is positively correlated with the number of predatory groups preying on it. The major gaps are identified and future avenues for investigation ??? cases which deserve special attention because these may reveal completely new phenomena ??? are proposed. It is concluded that this group offers a very diverse array of defences which has not been sufficiently studied; thus, this review aims to stimulate further research.

Links

GA19-09323S, research and development project

Name: Mimetické komplexy a evoluce nepřesných mimetiků

Investor: Czech Science Foundation

Citovat

PEKÁR, Stanislav and Günther RASPOTNIG. Defences of Arachnids: diversified arsenal used against range of enemies. ENTOMOLOGIA GENERALIS. GERMANY: E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG, 2022, vol. 42, No 5, p. 663-679. ISSN 0171-8177. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2022/1531.

@article{2243784,
   author = {Pekár, Stanislav and Raspotnig, Günther},
   article_location = {GERMANY},
   article_number = {5},
   doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2022/1531},
   keywords = {Anachoresis; background matching; camouflage; aposematism; mimicry},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {0171-8177},
   journal = {ENTOMOLOGIA GENERALIS},
   title = {Defences of Arachnids: diversified arsenal used against range of enemies},
   url = {https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2022/1531},
   volume = {42},
   year = {2022}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2243784
AU  - Pekár, Stanislav - Raspotnig, Günther
PY  - 2022
TI  - Defences of Arachnids: diversified arsenal used against range of enemies
JF  - ENTOMOLOGIA GENERALIS
VL  - 42
IS  - 5
SP  - 663-679
EP  - 663-679
PB  - E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG
SN  - 01718177
KW  - Anachoresis
KW  - background matching
KW  - camouflage
KW  - aposematism
KW  - mimicry
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2022/1531
N2  - Arachnida represent a hyperdiverse group of terrestrial arthropods. Although arachnids are mostly predators, they often fall prey to other predators. Here, the diversity of enemies and the defences of arachnids which are used against their predators is reviewed. The main predators of arachnids are other arachnids, followed by insects, mammals and birds. Almost all types of defences has evolved in this class, but countershading, and elusiveness await to be discovered in Arachnida. Overall, empirical evidence is rare but has slowly been accumulating over the last decade. Anachoresis is used most frequently across all orders; only in Acari, Araneae, Opiliones, and Solifugae it is rivalled by background matching, and Batesian mimicry. The number of different types of defences used by an order is positively correlated with the number of predatory groups preying on it. The major gaps are identified and future avenues for investigation ??? cases which deserve special attention because these may reveal completely new phenomena ??? are proposed. It is concluded that this group offers a very diverse array of defences which has not been sufficiently studied; thus, this review aims to stimulate further research.
ER  -

PEKÁR, Stanislav and Günther RASPOTNIG. Defences of Arachnids: diversified arsenal used against range of enemies. \textit{ENTOMOLOGIA GENERALIS}. GERMANY: E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG, 2022, vol.~42, No~5, p.~663-679. ISSN~0171-8177. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2022/1531.

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