The book examines the formation of the state-legal identity of the First Republic, within the framework of Law and Literature. By analysing literary works from the period immediately preceding the establishment of Czechoslovakia and the years immediately following, insights are gained into the story of law, lawyers and the state that can be read from them. The individual chapters are thus devoted to the place of Czech historical law in the context of the work of Alois Jirásek, women‘s rights in the context of the plays of the Mrštík brothers and Gabriela Preissová, the Czech national character in the stories of Jaroslav Hašek‘s The Good Soldier Svejk, and the portrait of the modern state and its lawyers in the texts of Karel Čapek. All these parts are then combined into a reflection on the possible dimensions of state identity of Czechoslovakia. The work uses an interdisciplinary approach that combines the methods of legal science, literary science, theatre studies and historical sciences. It responds to the growing interest in legal-literary research on nineteenth-century law and culture and offers insights into Central European realities that have been lacking in the predominantly Anglo-American Law and Literature.