Ethical and Legal Issues Related to the Commercialisation of Gamete Donation
VALC, Jakub. Ethical and Legal Issues Related to the Commercialisation of Gamete Donation. In 27th World Congress for Medical Law. 2023. |
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Original name | Ethical and Legal Issues Related to the Commercialisation of Gamete Donation |
Name in Czech | Etické a právní problémy spojené s komercializací dárcovství gamet |
Name (in English) | Ethical and Legal Issues Related to the Commercialisation of Gamete Donation |
Authors | VALC, Jakub. |
Edition | 27th World Congress for Medical Law, 2023. |
Other information | |
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Type of outcome | Presentations at conferences |
Confidentiality degree | is not subject to a state or trade secret |
Keywords (in Czech) | dárcovství gamet; komodifikace; lidská důstojnost; zákaz finančního zisku; nejasná regulace; praxe reprodukčních klinik |
Keywords in English | gamete donation; commodification; human dignity; prohibition of financial gain;vague regulation; practice of reproductive clinics |
Tags | International impact |
Changed by | Changed by: JUDr. PhDr. Jakub Valc, Ph.D., LL.M., učo 380851. Changed: 3/8/2023 16:24. |
Abstract |
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The Programmes related to medical collection and use of gametes are already a common part of assisted reproduction performed by reproductive clinics. It is a consequence of technological and medical advance that brings a number of individual and social benefits. On the other hand, these procedures are associated with some ethical and legal issues. One of these is the tendency towards the increasing commercialisation of gamete donation, which should be based on the principles of altruism and solidarity, including the respect for human dignity. Legislation has been adopted at the level of the Council of Europe and the European Union which enshrines the requirement that the donation of gametes (as well as other body parts) cannot be a source of financial gain. However, it does not preclude donors from being compensated for the costs or inconvenience of donation under certain conditions. It is left to the Member States to determine such compensation. The aim of this paper is to show, using the example of Czech legislation, that insufficient or vague rules at national level can lead to the state when the amount of (financial) compensation is determined by the public offer of reproductive clinics, without the possibilities of effective state control. This results in the provision of compensation in the form of rewards, which not only violates the above principles but also increases the risk of exploitation of economically vulnerable people, who are furthermore motivated to conceal information about their health condition, putting the recipient at a potential risk. Therefore, this situation needs to be addressed, but it is complicated by the overall lack of donors of gametes (especially eggs) and the related efforts to adequately motivate them, which is often used as an argument for a more liberal setting of the rules for providing "compensation". |
Abstract (in Czech) |
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Programy týkající se lékařského odběru a použití gamet jsou již běžnou součástí asistované reprodukce prováděné reprodukčními klinikami. Je to důsledek technologického a medicínského pokroku, který přináší řadu individuálních a společenských výhod. Na druhou stranu jsou tyto postupy spojeny s některými etickými a právními otázkami. Jednou z nich je tendence ke zesilování komercionalizace dárcovství gamet, které by mělo být založeno na principech altruismu a solidarity, včetně respektování lidské důstojnosti. Byly přijaty právní dokumenty na úrovni Rady Evropy a Evropské unie, které zakotvují požadavek, že dárcovství gamet (stejně jako jiných částí těla) nemůže být zdrojem finančního prospěchu. To však nebrání tomu, aby dárci za určitých podmínek obdrželi kompenzaci nákladů nebo nepříjemností spojených s darováním. Je ponecháno na členských státech, aby stanovily podmínky pro tyto kompenzace. Cílem tohoto příspěvku je na příkladu české legislativy ukázat, že nedostatečná nebo vágní pravidla na vnitrostátní úrovni mohou vést ke stavu, kdy je výše (finančních) kompenzací stanovena veřejnou nabídkou reprodukčních klinik, aniž by byly možnosti účinné státní kontroly. To má za následek poskytování kompenzací ve formě odměn, což nejen porušuje výše uvedené zásady, ale také zvyšuje riziko vykořisťování ekonomicky zranitelných osob, které jsou navíc motivovány k zatajování informací o svém zdravotním stavu, což příjemce vystavuje potenciálnímu riziku. Proto je třeba tuto situaci řešit, což však komplikuje celkový nedostatek dárců pohlavních buněk (zejména vajíček) a obtížná situace související se snahou o jejich adekvátní motivaci, která je často používá jako argument pro liberálnější nastavení pravidel pro poskytování "kompenzace". |
Abstract (in English) |
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The Programmes related to medical collection and use of gametes are already a common part of assisted reproduction performed by reproductive clinics. It is a consequence of technological and medical advance that brings a number of individual and social benefits. On the other hand, these procedures are associated with some ethical and legal issues. One of these is the tendency towards the increasing commercialisation of gamete donation, which should be based on the principles of altruism and solidarity, including the respect for human dignity. Legislation has been adopted at the level of the Council of Europe and the European Union which enshrines the requirement that the donation of gametes (as well as other body parts) cannot be a source of financial gain. However, it does not preclude donors from being compensated for the costs or inconvenience of donation under certain conditions. It is left to the Member States to determine such compensation. The aim of this paper is to show, using the example of Czech legislation, that insufficient or vague rules at national level can lead to the state when the amount of (financial) compensation is determined by the public offer of reproductive clinics, without the possibilities of effective state control. This results in the provision of compensation in the form of rewards, which not only violates the above principles but also increases the risk of exploitation of economically vulnerable people, who are furthermore motivated to conceal information about their health condition, putting the recipient at a potential risk. Therefore, this situation needs to be addressed, but it is complicated by the overall lack of donors of gametes (especially eggs) and the related efforts to adequately motivate them, which is often used as an argument for a more liberal setting of the rules for providing "compensation". |
Links | |
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GA23-04883S, research and development project | Name: Etické a právní aspekty dárcovství pohlavních buněk |
Investor: Czech Science Foundation, Ethical and legal aspects of gamete donation |
PrintDisplayed: 2/9/2024 18:36