During the Czech Presidency of the Council of the European Union, a recommendation on cancer screening was approved in December 2022. This is an update of the 2003 recommendation, which helped shape health policy in the Czech Republic and other member states; update according to the latest scientific evidence had nevertheless been recommended. The approved recommendation includes six cancer diagnoses. Screening for breast, cervical and colorectal cancer was complemented by screening for lung, prostate and gastric cancer; the technical specifications of these screenings will be further specified in guidelines issued by the European Commission. To a large extent, this recommendation has already been implemented in the Czech Republic, and further steps will be discussed between the Ministry of Health, professional societies and other actors within the structures of the National Screening Centre of the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic.