Potentilla argentea is one of the medicinal plants traditionally used for digestive problems and especially for diarrhea to relieve spasms and abdominal pain. The therapeutic effectiveness is based on the content of active substances such as flavonoids, tannins, choline, histidine and other substances. The anti-inflammatory effect of Potentilla argentea extract was evaluated in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colon inflammation model in rats. After ulcerative colitis induction, plant extract was administered per os every 24 h by gastric tube for 5 days. In the control group, only vehicle (water) was administered. The negative control consisted of intact animals without induced inflammation. After the final experiment, colon tissue samples were taken for histopathological examination. The extent of inflammation was determined using a semiquantitative method. At the same time, a molecular-biological examination was performed to determine the level of pro-inflammatory interleukin 6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta1) in the intestinal tissue. The conducted study demonstrated the usability of the selected model of experimentally induced colitis in laboratory rats (DSS model) for verifying the anti-inflammatory effect of plant extracts and its dose-dependent effect. The achieved results could be used in the therapy of chronic intestinal inflammation (IBD) and limiting the use of antibiotics in treating diarrheal diseases.