Antiviral activity of porphyrins and porphyrin-like compounds
against tick-borne encephalitis virus: Blockage of the viral
entry/fusion machinery by photosensitization-mediated
destruction of the viral envelope

J 2024

Antiviral activity of porphyrins and porphyrin-like compounds against tick-borne encephalitis virus: Blockage of the viral entry/fusion machinery by photosensitization-mediated destruction of the viral envelope

HOLOUBEK, Jiří, Jiří SALÁT, Jan KOTOUČEK, Tomáš KASTL, Marie VANCOVÁ et. al.

Basic information

Original name

Antiviral activity of porphyrins and porphyrin-like compounds against tick-borne encephalitis virus: Blockage of the viral entry/fusion machinery by photosensitization-mediated destruction of the viral envelope

Authors

HOLOUBEK, Jiří (203 Czech Republic, belonging to the institution), Jiří SALÁT (203 Czech Republic, belonging to the institution), Jan KOTOUČEK, Tomáš KASTL, Marie VANCOVÁ, Ivana HUVAROVÁ, Petr BEDNÁŘ (203 Czech Republic, belonging to the institution), Klára BEDNÁŘOVÁ, Daniel RŮŽEK (203 Czech Republic, belonging to the institution), Daniel RENČIUK (203 Czech Republic) and Luděk EYER (203 Czech Republic, belonging to the institution)

Edition

Antiviral Research, Elsevier, 2024, 0166-3542

Other information

Language

English

Type of outcome

Článek v odborném periodiku

Field of Study

10610 Biophysics

Country of publisher

Netherlands

Confidentiality degree

není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství

References:

URL

Impact factor

Impact factor: 7.600 in 2022

Organization unit

Faculty of Science

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105767

UT WoS

001139061300001

Keywords in English

Photosensitization; Porphyrin; Singlet oxygen; Tick-borne encephalitis virus; Viral envelope; Virus-cell fusion

Abstract

V originále

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), is a medically important flavivirus endemic to the European–Asian continent. Although more than 12,000 clinical cases are reported annually worldwide, there is no anti-TBEV therapy available to treat patients with TBE. Porphyrins are macrocyclic molecules consisting of a planar tetrapyrrolic ring that can coordinate a metal cation. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity and anti-TBEV activity of a large series of alkyl- or (het)aryl-substituted porphyrins, metalloporphyrins, and chlorins and characterized their molecular interactions with the viral envelope in detail. Our structure–activity relationship study showed that the tetrapyrrole ring is an essential structural element for anti-TBEV activity, but that the presence of different structurally distinct side chains with different lengths, charges, and rigidity or metal cation coordination can significantly alter the antiviral potency of porphyrin scaffolds. Porphyrins were demonstrated to interact with the TBEV lipid membrane and envelope protein E, disrupt the TBEV envelope and inhibit the TBEV entry/fusion machinery. The crucial mechanism of the anti-TBEV activity of porphyrins is based on photosensitization and the formation of highly reactive singlet oxygen. In addition to blocking viral entry and fusion, porphyrins were also observed to interact with RNA oligonucleotides derived from TBEV genomic RNA, indicating that these compounds could target multiple viral/cellular structures. Furthermore, immunization of mice with porphyrin-inactivated TBEV resulted in the formation of TBEV-neutralizing antibodies and protected the mice from TBEV infection. Porphyrins can thus be used to inactivate TBEV while retaining the immunogenic properties of the virus and could be useful for producing new inactivated TBEV vaccines.

Citovat

HOLOUBEK, Jiří, Jiří SALÁT, Jan KOTOUČEK, Tomáš KASTL, Marie VANCOVÁ, Ivana HUVAROVÁ, Petr BEDNÁŘ, Klára BEDNÁŘOVÁ, Daniel RŮŽEK, Daniel RENČIUK and Luděk EYER. Antiviral activity of porphyrins and porphyrin-like compounds against tick-borne encephalitis virus: Blockage of the viral entry/fusion machinery by photosensitization-mediated destruction of the viral envelope. Antiviral Research. Elsevier, 2024, vol. 221, January 2024, p. 1-15. ISSN 0166-3542. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105767.

@article{2350364,
   author = {Holoubek, Jiří and Salát, Jiří and Kotouček, Jan and Kastl, Tomáš and Vancová, Marie and Huvarová, Ivana and Bednář, Petr and Bednářová, Klára and Růžek, Daniel and Renčiuk, Daniel and Eyer, Luděk},
   article_number = {January 2024},
   doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105767},
   keywords = {Photosensitization; Porphyrin; Singlet oxygen; Tick-borne encephalitis virus; Viral envelope; Virus-cell fusion},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {0166-3542},
   journal = {Antiviral Research},
   title = {Antiviral activity of porphyrins and porphyrin-like compounds against tick-borne encephalitis virus: Blockage of the viral entry/fusion machinery by photosensitization-mediated destruction of the viral envelope},
   url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166354223002450},
   volume = {221},
   year = {2024}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2350364
AU  - Holoubek, Jiří - Salát, Jiří - Kotouček, Jan - Kastl, Tomáš - Vancová, Marie - Huvarová, Ivana - Bednář, Petr - Bednářová, Klára - Růžek, Daniel - Renčiuk, Daniel - Eyer, Luděk
PY  - 2024
TI  - Antiviral activity of porphyrins and porphyrin-like compounds against tick-borne encephalitis virus: Blockage of the viral entry/fusion machinery by photosensitization-mediated destruction of the viral envelope
JF  - Antiviral Research
VL  - 221
IS  - January 2024
SP  - 1-15
EP  - 1-15
PB  - Elsevier
SN  - 01663542
KW  - Photosensitization
KW  - Porphyrin
KW  - Singlet oxygen
KW  - Tick-borne encephalitis virus
KW  - Viral envelope
KW  - Virus-cell fusion
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166354223002450
N2  - Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), is a medically important flavivirus endemic to the European–Asian continent. Although more than 12,000 clinical cases are reported annually worldwide, there is no anti-TBEV therapy available to treat patients with TBE. Porphyrins are macrocyclic molecules consisting of a planar tetrapyrrolic ring that can coordinate a metal cation. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity and anti-TBEV activity of a large series of alkyl- or (het)aryl-substituted porphyrins, metalloporphyrins, and chlorins and characterized their molecular interactions with the viral envelope in detail. Our structure–activity relationship study showed that the tetrapyrrole ring is an essential structural element for anti-TBEV activity, but that the presence of different structurally distinct side chains with different lengths, charges, and rigidity or metal cation coordination can significantly alter the antiviral potency of porphyrin scaffolds. Porphyrins were demonstrated to interact with the TBEV lipid membrane and envelope protein E, disrupt the TBEV envelope and inhibit the TBEV entry/fusion machinery. The crucial mechanism of the anti-TBEV activity of porphyrins is based on photosensitization and the formation of highly reactive singlet oxygen. In addition to blocking viral entry and fusion, porphyrins were also observed to interact with RNA oligonucleotides derived from TBEV genomic RNA, indicating that these compounds could target multiple viral/cellular structures. Furthermore, immunization of mice with porphyrin-inactivated TBEV resulted in the formation of TBEV-neutralizing antibodies and protected the mice from TBEV infection. Porphyrins can thus be used to inactivate TBEV while retaining the immunogenic properties of the virus and could be useful for producing new inactivated TBEV vaccines.
ER  -

HOLOUBEK, Jiří, Jiří SALÁT, Jan KOTOUČEK, Tomáš KASTL, Marie VANCOVÁ, Ivana HUVAROVÁ, Petr BEDNÁŘ, Klára BEDNÁŘOVÁ, Daniel RŮŽEK, Daniel RENČIUK and Luděk EYER. Antiviral activity of porphyrins and porphyrin-like compounds against tick-borne encephalitis virus: Blockage of the viral entry/fusion machinery by photosensitization-mediated destruction of the viral envelope. \textit{Antiviral Research}. Elsevier, 2024, vol.~221, January 2024, p.~1-15. ISSN~0166-3542. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105767.

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