Plants of the genus Uvaria belong to the Annonaceae family. This genus is represented by climbing shrubs distributed mainly in the tropics, particularly in Asia, Africa, and Australia. Their ethnobotanical uses include the treatment of tumors and fever. This study presents a comparative analysis of phytochemical profiles, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammatory activities of four distinct Uvaria species: U. grandiflora, U. siamensis, U. rufa, and U. clementis. Our investigation focuses on elucidating their potential medicinal attributes and aiding in the selection of candidates with promise for drug development. Phytochemical characterization employed qualitative and chromatographic analyses. Remarkable variances in phytochemical compositions emerged, reflecting the unique chemical identities of the four Uvaria species. In vitro cell cultures were used to test the effects of Uvaria extracts on cell growth and survival as part of the cytotoxicity test. Outcomes displayed species-specific cytotoxic effects on the THP-1 human leukemia cell line, pointing towards possible bioactive compounds for anti-tumor and anti-cancer investigations. Antiinflammatory in vitro assays were employed to gauge the inhibition of a critical pro-inflammatory marker, NFkB, utilizing THP1-X blue cells. Notable anti-inflammatory actions were evident, as the extracts mitigated the release of inflammatory mediators, possibly linked to their phytochemical content. In conclusion, this comparative analysis underscores the distinctive phytochemical diversity within U. grandiflora, U. siamensis, U. rufa, and U. clementis. The observed cytotoxicity and potent anti-inflammatory effects highlight their therapeutic prospects. Future research should focus on isolating and identifying specific bioactive components responsible for these effects, shedding light on underlying mechanisms. These findings advocate for the exploration of Annonaceae plant resources, emphasizing their potential in pharmaceutical and medicinal applications.