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@article{2364277,
author = {Jain, Manisha and Sharma, Brij Mohan and Sachdeva, Sarita and Kuta, Jan and Červenka, Rostislav and Nizzetto, Luca and Kukreti, Praveen and Bharat, Girija K. and Chakraborty, Paromita},
article_location = {New York},
article_number = {4},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-023-01017-x},
keywords = {HEAVY-METAL CONTAMINATION; HEALTH-RISK ASSESSMENT; WASTE-WATER; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; DAIRY-PRODUCTS; DRINKING-WATER; TRACE-ELEMENTS; VEGETABLES; MILK; CROPS},
language = {eng},
issn = {0090-4341},
journal = {Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology},
title = {Occurrence, Source and Dietary Exposure of Toxic and Essential Elements in the Indian Food Basket},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00244-023-01017-x},
volume = {85},
year = {2023}
}
TY - JOUR
ID - 2364277
AU - Jain, Manisha - Sharma, Brij Mohan - Sachdeva, Sarita - Kuta, Jan - Červenka, Rostislav - Nizzetto, Luca - Kukreti, Praveen - Bharat, Girija K. - Chakraborty, Paromita
PY - 2023
TI - Occurrence, Source and Dietary Exposure of Toxic and Essential Elements in the Indian Food Basket
JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
VL - 85
IS - 4
SP - 466-484
EP - 466-484
PB - Springer-Verlag
SN - 00904341
KW - HEAVY-METAL CONTAMINATION
KW - HEALTH-RISK ASSESSMENT
KW - WASTE-WATER
KW - AGRICULTURAL SOILS
KW - DAIRY-PRODUCTS
KW - DRINKING-WATER
KW - TRACE-ELEMENTS
KW - VEGETABLES
KW - MILK
KW - CROPS
UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00244-023-01017-x
N2 - In this study, representative urban and peri-urban Indian food baskets have been studied for the presence of toxic and essential elements. The concentration of target toxic and essential elements was used to estimate dietary intakes (EDIs) and health risks. Across all food matrices, toxic elements like Cd and Pb were dominant. The highest concentrations of the target elements were found in vegetables, with Cd, Pb, and Ni being beyond permissible limits of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health organization (0.05 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively) in okra, spinach, and cauliflower. The sum of concentrations of the toxic elements (As, Ni, Hg, Cr, Cd, Pb) in vegetables had a range of 0.54-12.08 mg/kg, the highest sum was found in spinach (median 12.08 mg/kg), followed by okra (median 1.68 mg/kg). The EDI was observed for vegetables with a contribution as high as 92% for Cd. Dairy products were found with the highest loading for Ni with a dietary intake of 3.1 mg/kg/day for adults and twice as much for children. Carcinogenic risk for Ni was the highest and found above the threshold for all food categories, as was the case with As. Cumulative carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were mostly contributed by milk and vegetables, in particular, spinach.
ER -
JAIN, Manisha, Brij Mohan SHARMA, Sarita SACHDEVA, Jan KUTA, Rostislav ČERVENKA, Luca NIZZETTO, Praveen KUKRETI, Girija K. BHARAT and Paromita CHAKRABORTY. Occurrence, Source and Dietary Exposure of Toxic and Essential Elements in the Indian Food Basket. \textit{Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology}. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2023, vol.~85, No~4, p.~466-484. ISSN~0090-4341. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-023-01017-x.
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