Sex and age differences in sST2 in cardiovascular disease

@article{2368924,
   author = {Beetler, Danielle J and Bruno, Katelyn A and Di Florio, Damian N and Douglass, Erika J and Shrestha, Swikriti and Tschoepe, Carsten and Cunningham, Madeleine W and Krejčí, Jan and Dobrovolná, Julie and Pankuweit, Sabine and McNamara, Dennis M and Jeon, EunandSeok and Sophie, van Linthout and Blauwet, Lori A and Cooper, Leslie T Jr and Fairweather, DeLisa},
   article_location = {Lausanne},
   article_number = {January 2023},
   doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.1073814},
   keywords = {biomarkers; heart failure; myocardial infarct; coronary artery disease; cardiomyopathy; congestive heart failure},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {2297-055X},
   journal = {Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine},
   title = {Sex and age differences in sST2 in cardiovascular disease},
   url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2022.1073814/full},
   volume = {9},
   year = {2023}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2368924
AU  - Beetler, Danielle J - Bruno, Katelyn A - Di Florio, Damian N - Douglass, Erika J - Shrestha, Swikriti - Tschoepe, Carsten - Cunningham, Madeleine W - Krejčí, Jan - Dobrovolná, Julie - Pankuweit, Sabine - McNamara, Dennis M - Jeon, Eun-Seok - Sophie, van Linthout - Blauwet, Lori A - Cooper, Leslie T Jr - Fairweather, DeLisa
PY  - 2023
TI  - Sex and age differences in sST2 in cardiovascular disease
JF  - Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
VL  - 9
IS  - January 2023
SP  - 1-19
EP  - 1-19
PB  - Frontiers Media SA
SN  - 2297055X
KW  - biomarkers
KW  - heart failure
KW  - myocardial infarct
KW  - coronary artery disease
KW  - cardiomyopathy
KW  - congestive heart failure
UR  - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2022.1073814/full
N2  - AimsThe goal of this study was to determine whether sex and age differences exist for soluble ST2 (sST2) for several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). MethodsWe examined sST2 levels using an ELISA kit for myocarditis (n = 303), cardiomyopathy (n = 293), coronary artery disease (CAD) (n = 239), myocardial infarct (MI) (n = 159), and congestive heart failure (CHF) (n = 286) and compared them to controls that did not have CVDs (n = 234). ResultsMyocarditis occurred in this study in relatively young patients around age 40 while the other CVDs occurred more often in older individuals around age 60. We observed a sex difference in sST2 by age only in myocarditis patients (men aged 38, women 46, p = 0.0002), but not for other CVDs. Sera sST2 levels were significantly elevated compared to age-matched controls for all CVDs: myocarditis (p <= 0.0001), cardiomyopathy (p = 0.0009), CAD (p = 0.03), MI (p = 0.034), and CHF (p < 0.0001) driven by elevated sST2 levels in females for all CVDs except myocarditis, which was elevated in both females (p = 0.002) and males (p <= 0.0001). Sex differences in sST2 levels were found for myocarditis and cardiomyopathy but no other CVDs and were higher in males (myocarditis p = 0.0035; cardiomyopathy p = 0.0047). sST2 levels were higher in women with myocarditis over 50 years of age compared to men (p = 0.0004) or women under 50 years of age (p = 0.015). In cardiomyopathy and MI patients, men over 50 had significantly higher levels of sST2 than women (p = 0.012 and p = 0.043, respectively) but sex and age differences were not detected in other CVDs. However, women with cardiomyopathy that experienced early menopause had higher sST2 levels than those who underwent menopause at a natural age range (p = 0.02). ConclusionWe found that sex and age differences in sera sST2 exist for myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, and MI, but were not observed in other CVDs including CAD and CHF. These initial findings in patients with self-reported CVDs indicate that more research is needed into sex and age differences in sST2 levels in individual CVDs.
ER  - 

BEETLER, Danielle J, Katelyn A BRUNO, Damian N DI FLORIO, Erika J DOUGLASS, Swikriti SHRESTHA, Carsten TSCHOEPE, Madeleine W CUNNINGHAM, Jan KREJČÍ, Julie DOBROVOLNÁ, Sabine PANKUWEIT, Dennis M MCNAMARA, Eun-Seok JEON, van Linthout SOPHIE, Lori A BLAUWET, Leslie T Jr COOPER and DeLisa FAIRWEATHER. Sex and age differences in sST2 in cardiovascular disease. \textit{Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine}. Lausanne: Frontiers Media SA, 2023, vol.~9, January 2023, p.~1-19. ISSN~2297-055X. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.1073814.