A scoping review of web-cam eye tracking in learning and
education

J 2023

A scoping review of web-cam eye tracking in learning and education

DOSTÁLOVÁ, Nicol and Lukáš PLCH

Basic information

Original name

A scoping review of web-cam eye tracking in learning and education

Authors

DOSTÁLOVÁ, Nicol (203 Czech Republic, guarantor, belonging to the institution) and Lukáš PLCH (203 Czech Republic, belonging to the institution)

Edition

Studia Paedagogica, Brno, Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts, 2023, 1803-7437

Other information

Language

English

Type of outcome

Článek v odborném periodiku

Field of Study

50301 Education, general; including training, pedagogy, didactics [and education systems]

Country of publisher

Czech Republic

Confidentiality degree

není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství

References:

URL

RIV identification code

RIV/00216224:14210/23:00134408

Organization unit

Faculty of Arts

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/SP2023-3-5

Keywords in English

self-regulated learning; online learning environments; eye tracking; webcam eye tracking

Abstract

V originále

The use of eye tracking in educational research has shown great potential in recent decades. There are various approaches to the usage of eye tracking technology in this area, including investigation of self-regulated learning from different types of learning environments. Nonetheless, the majority of published research studies have one tremendous limitation: using expensive remote or tower-based eye trackers to provide high-quality data in laboratory conditions. Now, new webcam eye trackers may offer an easily affordable approach allowing eye tracking measurements in the real environment, such as the investigation of learning behavior in online learning environments. The main aim of this scoping review is to explore the use of webcam eye tracking technology in the field of learning and education. We established three specific purposes: 1) to introduce educational topics being explored using webcam eye tracking, 2) to discuss the methodological aspects when exploring educational topics with webcam eye tracking, and 3) to investigate the eye tracking aspects used for the analysis. To do this, we analyzed 16 studies that used webcam eye tracking. The results of the scoping review show that 1) selected studies focus mainly on students’ behavior in online learning environments, such as engagement, lack of attention, cheating and others; 2) a wide range of studies aimed at the development of automatized detection tools; and 3) studies are mainly focused on extracting raw and event data features using them mostly for automatized detection purposes.

Links

GA21-08218S, research and development project

Name: Využití multimodální analytiky učení pro studium procesů seberegulovaného učení v systémech pro řízení výuky

Investor: Czech Science Foundation, Multimodal learning analytics to study self-regulated learning processes within learning management systems

Citovat

DOSTÁLOVÁ, Nicol and Lukáš PLCH. A scoping review of web-cam eye tracking in learning and education. Studia Paedagogica. Brno: Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts, 2023, vol. 28, No 3, p. 113-131. ISSN 1803-7437. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.5817/SP2023-3-5.

@article{2374024,
   author = {Dostálová, Nicol and Plch, Lukáš},
   article_location = {Brno},
   article_number = {3},
   doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/SP2023-3-5},
   keywords = {self-regulated learning; online learning environments; eye tracking; webcam eye tracking},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {1803-7437},
   journal = {Studia Paedagogica},
   title = {A scoping review of web-cam eye tracking in learning and education},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/SP2023-3-5},
   volume = {28},
   year = {2023}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2374024
AU  - Dostálová, Nicol - Plch, Lukáš
PY  - 2023
TI  - A scoping review of web-cam eye tracking in learning and education
JF  - Studia Paedagogica
VL  - 28
IS  - 3
SP  - 113-131
EP  - 113-131
PB  - Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts
SN  - 18037437
KW  - self-regulated learning
KW  - online learning environments
KW  - eye tracking
KW  - webcam eye tracking
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/SP2023-3-5
N2  - The use of eye tracking in educational research has shown great potential in recent decades. There are various approaches to the usage of eye tracking technology in this area, including investigation of self-regulated learning from different types of learning environments. Nonetheless, the majority of published research studies have one tremendous limitation: using expensive remote or tower-based eye trackers to provide high-quality data in laboratory conditions. Now, new webcam eye trackers may offer an easily affordable approach allowing eye tracking measurements in the real environment, such as the investigation of learning behavior in online learning environments. The main aim of this scoping review is to explore the use of webcam eye tracking technology in the field of learning and education. We established three specific purposes: 1) to introduce educational topics being explored using webcam eye tracking, 2) to discuss the methodological aspects when exploring educational topics with webcam eye tracking, and 3) to investigate the eye tracking aspects used for the analysis. To do this, we analyzed 16 studies that used webcam eye tracking. The results of the scoping review show that 1) selected studies focus mainly on students’ behavior in online learning environments, such as engagement, lack of attention, cheating and others; 2) a wide range of studies aimed at the development of automatized detection tools; and 3) studies are mainly focused on extracting raw and event data features using them mostly for automatized detection purposes.
ER  -

DOSTÁLOVÁ, Nicol and Lukáš PLCH. A scoping review of web-cam eye tracking in learning and education. \textit{Studia Paedagogica}. Brno: Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts, 2023, vol.~28, No~3, p.~113-131. ISSN~1803-7437. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.5817/SP2023-3-5.

Detailed Information on Publication Record