Prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends in anaemia burden by severity and cause, 1990-2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
GARDNER, William M, Christian RAZO, Theresa A MCHUGH, Hailey HAGINS, Victor M VILCHIS-TELLA et. al.
Prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends in anaemia burden by severity and cause, 1990-2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors
GARDNER, William M, Christian RAZO, Theresa A MCHUGH, Hailey HAGINS, Victor M VILCHIS-TELLA, Conor HENNESSY, Heather Jean TAYLOR, Nandita PERUMAL, Kia FULLER, Kelly M CERCY, Leo Zucker ZOECKLER, Catherine S CHEN, Stephen S LIM, Amirali AALI, Kalkidan Hassen ABATE, Sherief ABD-ELSALAM, Ame Mehadi ABDUREHMAN, Getachew ABEBE, Hassan ABIDI, Richard Gyan ABOAGYE, Hassan ABOLHASSANI, Girma Beressa ABOYE, Yonas Derso ABTEW, Manfred Mario Kokou ACCROMBESSI, Denberu Eshetie ADANE, Tigist Demssew ADANE, Isaac Yeboah ADDO, Miracle Ayomikun ADESINA, Daniel Adedayo ADEYINKA, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah ADNANI, Muhammad Sohail AFZAL, Saira AFZAL, Rina AGUSTINA, Bright Opoku AHINKORAH, Aqeel AHMAD, Sajjad AHMAD, Sepideh AHMADI, Ayman AHMED, Tarik Ahmed RASHID, Wajeeha AIMAN, Marjan AJAMI, Hossein AKBARIALIABAD, Fares ALAHDAB, Ziyad AL-ALY, Nazmul ALAM, Astawus ALEMAYEHU, Robert Kaba ALHASSAN, Muhammad Ashar ALI, Sami ALMUSTANYIR, Rajaa M AL-RADDADI, Rami H AL-RIFAI, Khalid A ALTIRKAWI, Saba ALVAND, Nelson ALVIS-GUZMAN, Yasser Sami Abdel Dayem AMER, Edward Kwabena AMEYAW, Hubert AMU, Tadele Fentabil ANAGAW, Robert ANCUCEANU, Ali Arash ANOUSHIRVANI, Maxwell Hubert ANTWI, Davood ANVARI, Jalal ARABLOO, Aleksandr Y ARAVKIN, Hany ARIFFIN, Timur ARIPOV, Asrat ARJA, Michael Benjamin ARNDT, Judie ARULAPPAN, Raphael Taiwo ARULEBA, Tahira ASHRAF, Melash Belachew ASRESIE, Seyyed Shamsadin ATHARI, Daniel ATLAW, Avinash AUJAYEB, Andargie Abate AWOKE, Mamaru Ayenew AWOKE, Sina AZADNAJAFABAD, Mohammadreza AZANGOU-KHYAVY, B B DARSHAN, Alaa BADAWI, Ashish D BADIYE, Nayereh BAGHCHEGHI, Nasser BAGHERI, Sara BAGHERIEH, Atif Amin BAIG, Maciej BANACH, Palash Chandra BANIK, Abere Tilahun BANTIE, Ronald D BARR, Amadou BARROW, Azadeh BASHIRI, Saurav BASU, Abdul-Monim Mohammad BATIHA, Tahmina BEGUM, Melaku Ashagrie BELETE, Luis BELO, Isabela M BENSENOR, Alemshet Yirga BERHIE, Akshaya Srikanth BHAGAVATHULA, Nikha BHARDWAJ, Pankaj BHARDWAJ, Ajay Nagesh BHAT, Zulfiqar A BHUTTA, Boris BIKBOV, Sk Masum BILLAH, Setognal BIRARA, Jessica Devin BISHAI, Saeid BITARAF, Archith BOLOOR, Joao Silva BOTELHO, Katrin BURKART, Daniela CALINA, Francieli CEMBRANEL, Promit Ananyo CHAKRABORTY, Gashaw Sisay CHANIE, Vijay Kumar CHATTU, Ju-Huei CHIEN, Isaac Sunday CHUKWU, Eunice CHUNG, Michael H CRIQUI, Natalia CRUZ-MARTINS, Omid DADRAS, Gizachew Worku DAGNEW, Xiaochen DAI, Hadi A DANAWI, Lalit DANDONA, Rakhi DANDONA, Aso Mohammad DARWESH, Jai K DAS, Saswati DAS, De la Cruz-Gongora VANESSA, Fitsum Wolde DEMISSE, Solomon DEMISSIE, Desalegn Getnet DEMSIE, Hardik Dineshbhai DESAI, Markos DESALEGN, Fikadu Nugusu DESSALEGN, Gashaw DESSIE, Samath Dhamminda DHARMARATNE, Meghnath DHIMAL, Sameer DHINGRA, Daniel DIAZ, Mojtaba DIDEHDAR, M Ashworth DIRAC, Mengistie DIRESS, Saeid DOAEI, Milad DODANGEH, Paul Narh DOKU, Deepa DONGARWAR, Bezabih Terefe DORA, Haneil Larson DSOUZA, Hisham Atan EDINUR, Michael EKHOLUENETALE, Ahmed Elabbas Mustafa ELAGALI, Mostafa Ahmed ELBAHNASAWY, Iffat ELBARAZI, Ghada Metwally Tawfik ELGOHARY, Muhammed ELHADI, Waseem EL-HUNEIDI, Mohamed A ELMONEM, Daniel Berhanie ENYEW, Habitu Birhan ESHETU, Samuel B EWALD, Rana EZZEDDINI, Adeniyi Francis FAGBAMIGBE, Abidemi Omolara FASANMI, Ali FATEHIZADEH, Ginenus FEKADU, Bikila Regassa FEYISA, Florian FISCHER, Ryan FITZGERALD, Masoud FOROUTAN, Kayode Raphael FOWOBAJE, Muktar A GADANYA, Abhay Motiramji GAIDHANE, Santosh GAIHRE, Abduzhappar GAIPOV, Yaseen GALALI, Nasrin GALEHDAR, Priyanka GARG, Tushar GARG, Yosef Haile GEBREMARIAM, Ketema Bizuwork GEBREMEDHIN, Berhe GEBREMICHAEL, Yibeltal Yismaw GELA, Urge GEREMA, Lemma GETACHER, Kazem GHAFFARI, Mansour GHAFOURIFARD, Seyyed-Hadi GHAMARI, Mohammad Ghasemi NOUR, Ahmad GHASHGHAEE, Maryam GHOLAMALIZADEH, Sherief GHOZY, Abraham Tamirat T GIZAW, James C GLASBEY, Mahaveer GOLECHHA, Pouya GOLEIJ, Mohamad GOLITALEB, Alessandra C GOULART, Girma Garedew GOYOMSA, Habtamu Alganeh GUADIE, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen GUBARI, Zewdie GUDISA, Damitha Asanga GUNAWARDANE, Rahul GUPTA, Das Gupta RAJAT, Sapna GUPTA, Vivek Kumar GUPTA, Alemu GUTA, Parham HABIBZADEH, Samer HAMIDI, Alexis J HANDAL, Asif HANIF, Md Abdul HANNAN, Harapan HARAPAN, Mehdi HARORANI, Ahmed I HASABALLAH, Md Mehedi HASAN, Hamidreza HASANI, Hadi HASSANKHANI, Mohammed Bheser HASSEN, Khezar HAYAT, Golnaz HEIDARI, Sonja Y HESS, Demisu Zenbaba HEYI, Kamal HEZAM, Yuta HIRAIKE, Ramesh HOLLA, Sheikh Jamal HOSSAIN, Kaveh HOSSEINI, Mohammad-Salar HOSSEINI, Mehdi HOSSEINZADEH, Mihaela HOSTIUC, Sorin HOSTIUC, Junjie HUANG, Mohammad Salman HUSSAIN (356 India, belonging to the institution), Foziya Mohammed HUSSIEN, Segun Emmanuel IBITOYE, Olayinka Stephen ILESANMI, Irena M ILIC, Mustapha IMMURANA, Leeberk Raja INBARAJ, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful ISLAM, Nahlah Elkudssiah ISMAIL, Linda J MERIN, Elham JAMSHIDI, Manthan Dilipkumar JANODIA, Umesh JAYARAJAH, Shubha JAYARAM, Rime JEBAI, Bedru JEMAL, Angeline JEYAKUMAR, Ravi Prakash JHA, Jost B JONAS, Nitin JOSEPH, Jacek Jerzy JOZWIAK, Ali KABIR, Laleh R KALANKESH, Rohollah KALHOR, Vineet Kumar KAMAL, Himal KANDEL, Tesfaye K KANKO, Ibraheem M KARAYE, Faizan Zaffar KASHOO, Patrick D M C KATOTO, Joonas H KAUPPILA, Harkiran KAUR, Gbenga A KAYODE, Adera Debella KEBEDE, Vikash Ranjan KESHRI, Mohammad KEYKHAEI, Yousef Saleh KHADER, Himanshu KHAJURIA, Nauman KHALID, Mohammad KHAMMARNIA, Imteyaz A KHAN, Moien A B KHAN, Khaled KHATAB, Zaher KHAZAEI, Jagdish KHUBCHANDANI, Yun Jin KIM, Ruth W KIMOKOTI, Sezer KISA, Farzad KOMPANI, Soewarta KOSEN, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane LAXMINARAYANA, Kewal KRISHAN, Barthelemy Kuate DEFO, Mohammed KUDDUS, G Anil KUMAR, Naveen KUMAR, Nithin KUMAR, Om P KURMI, Oluwatosin KUTI, Dharmesh Kumar LAL, Ivan LANDIRES, Anders O LARSSON, Zohra S LASSI, Kamaluddin LATIEF, Avula LAXMAIAH, Caterina LEDDA, Sang-woong LEE, Samson Mideksa LEGESSE, Xuefeng LIU, Laszlo LORENZOVICI, Vanessa Sintra MACHADO, Preetam Bhalchandra MAHAJAN, Soleiman MAHJOUB, Ata MAHMOODPOOR, Elham MAHMOUDI, Elaheh Malakan RAD, Tauqeer Hussain MALLHI, Deborah Carvalho MALTA, Sahar MASOUDI, Seyedeh Zahra MASOUMI, John Robert Carabeo MEDINA, Fabiola MEJIA-RODRIGUEZ, Jose Joao MENDES, Walter MENDOZA, Oliver MENDOZA-CANO, Alexios-Fotios A MENTIS, Haftu Asmerom MERESA, Tomislav MESTROVIC, Tomasz MIAZGOWSKI, Mojgan MIRGHAFOURVAND, Andreea MIRICA, Moonis MIRZA, Awoke MISGANAW, Sanjeev MISRA, Dara K MOHAMMAD, Shadieh MOHAMMADI, Shafiu MOHAMMED, Syam MOHAN, Nagabhishek MOKA, Ali H MOKDAD, Sara MOMTAZMANESH, Lorenzo MONASTA, Mohammad Ali MONI, Delaram MOOSAVI, Maryam MORADI, Abbas MOSAPOUR, Ebrahim MOSTAFAVI, Temesgen MUCHE, Francesk MULITA, Getaneh Baye MULU, Ana-Maria MUSINA, Ghulam MUSTAFA, Ahamarshan Jayaraman NAGARAJAN, Tapas Sadasivan NAIR, Sreenivas Narasimha SWAMY, Hasan NASSERELDINE, Zuhair S NATTO, Biswa Prakash NAYAK, Shumaila NAZ, Ionut NEGOI, Ruxandra Irina NEGOI, Georges NGUEFACK-TSAGUE, Josephine W NGUNJIRI, Robina Khan NIAZI, Maryam NOORI, Ali NOWROOZI, Dieta NURRIKA, Khan M NURUZZAMAN, Ogochukwu Janet NZOPUTAM, Bogdan OANCEA, Rahman Md OBAIDUR, Mohammed Suleiman OBSA, Julius Nyerere ODHIAMBO, Ropo Ebenezer OGUNSAKIN, Hassan OKATI-ALIABAD, Osaretin Christabel OKONJI, Adeolu Olufunso OLADUNJOYE, Olubunmi Omotola OLADUNJOYE, Andrew T OLAGUNJU, Isaac Iyinoluwa OLUFADEWA, Ahmed Omar BALI, Abidemi E Emmanuel OMONISI, Alberto ORTIZ, Mayowa O OWOLABI, Jagadish Rao PADUBIDRI, Reza PAKZAD, Tamas PALICZ, Anamika PANDEY, Apurva Kumar PANDYA, Paraskevi PAPADOPOULOU, Shahina PARDHAN, Jay PATEL, Ashish PATHAK, Aslam Ramjan PATHAN, Rajan PAUDEL, Uttam PAUDEL, Shrikant PAWAR, Gavin PEREIRA, Norberto PERICO, Simone PERNA, Navaraj PERUMALSAMY, Ionela-Roxana PETCU, Brandon V PICKERING, Zahra Zahid PIRACHA, Richard Charles G POLLOK, Pranil Man Singh PRADHAN, Akila PRASHANT, Ibrahim QATTEA, Zahiruddin Quazi SYED, Fakher RAHIM, Mehran RAHIMI, Azizur RAHMAN, Mohammad Hifz Ur RAHMAN, Mosiur RAHMAN, Amir Masoud RAHMANI, Shayan RAHMANI, Rajesh Kumar RAI, Ivano RAIMONDO, Sathish RAJAA, Pradhum RAM, Juwel RANA, Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz RANJHA, Chythra R RAO, Sowmya J RAO, Sina RASHEDI, Mohammad-Mahdi RASHIDI, Salman RAWAF, Lal RAWAL, Rabail Zehra RAZA, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed REDWAN, Giuseppe REMUZZI, Maryam REZAEI, Nazila REZAEI, Negar REZAEI, Toby RICHARDS, Jennifer RICKARD, Jefferson Antonio Buendia RODRIGUEZ, Leonardo ROEVER, Gholamreza ROSHANDEL, Bedanta ROY, Godfrey M RWEGERERA, Aly M A SAAD, Siamak SABOUR, Basema SADDIK, Malihe SADEGHI, Saeid SADEGHIAN, Umar SAEED, Amirhossein SAHEBKAR, Harihar SAHOO, Marwa Rashad SALEM, Abdallah M SAMY, Senthilkumar SANKARARAMAN, Rocco SANTORO, Itamar S SANTOS, Maheswar SATPATHY, Ganesh Kumar SAYA, Binyam Tariku SEBOKA, Anbissa Muleta SENBETA, Subramanian SENTHILKUMARAN, Allen SEYLANI, Melika SHAFEGHAT, Pritik A SHAH, Masood Ali SHAIKH, Mohd SHANAWAZ, Mohammed SHANNAWAZ, Mequannent Melaku SHAREW, Purva SHARMA, Rahim Ali SHEIKHI, Suchitra M SHENOY, Adithi SHETTY, B Suresh Kumar SHETTY, Jeevan K SHETTY, Pavanchand H SHETTY, Jae Il SHIN, Siddharudha SHIVALLI, Velizar SHIVAROV, Parnian SHOBEIRI, Seyed Afshin SHOROFI, Mustafa Kamal SIKDER, Ali Reza SIMA, Wudneh SIMEGN, Jasvinder A SINGH, Narinder Pal SINGH, Paramdeep SINGH, Surjit SINGH, Md Shahjahan SIRAJ, Yordanos SISAY, Anna Aleksandrovna SKRYABINA, Yonatan SOLOMON, Yi SONG, Reed J D SORENSEN, Jeffrey D STANAWAY, Parminder S SUCHDEV, Mu SUFIYAN, awiyyah BABALE, Saima SULTANA, Mindy D SZETO, Seidamir Pasha TABAEIAN, Alireza TAHAMTAN, Majid TAHERI, Moslem Taheri SOODEJANI, Zemenu TAMIR, Ker-Kan TAN, Md TARIQUJJAMAN, Elvis Enowbeyang TARKANG, Nathan Y TAT, Yibekal Manaye TEFERA, Mohamad-Hani TEMSAH, Rekha THAPAR, Arulmani THIYAGARAJAN, Jansje Henny Vera TICOALU, Bereket M TIGABU, Amir TIYURI, Ruoyan TOBE-GAI, Marcos Roberto TOVANI-PALONE, Mai Thi Ngoc TRAN, Biruk Shalmeno TUSA, Irfan ULLAH, Abdurezak Adem UMER, Bhaskaran UNNIKRISHNAN, Marco VACANTE, Sahel Valadan TAHBAZ, Pascual R VALDEZ, Priya VART, Shoban Babu VARTHYA, Siavash VAZIRI, Madhur VERMA, Massimiliano VEROUX, Dominique VERVOORT, Linh Gia VU, Birhanu WAGAYE, Fitsum WELDEGEBREAL, Nuwan Darshana WICKRAMASINGHE, Melat WOLDEMARIAM, Tewodros Eshete WONDE, Gedif Ashebir WUBETIE, Xiaoyue XU, Kheirollah YARI, Fereshteh YAZDANPANAH, Sisay Shewasinad YEHUALASHET, Arzu YIGIT, Vahit YIGIT, Eshetu YISIHAK, Dong Keon YON, Naohiro YONEMOTO, Melissa F YOUNG, Chuanhua YU, Ismaeel YUNUSA, Mazyar ZAHIR, Leila ZAKI, Burhan Abdullah ZAMAN, Nelson ZAMORA, Iman ZARE, Zahra ZARESHAHRABADI, Getachew Assefa ZENEBE, Zhi-Jiang ZHANG, Peng ZHENG, Mohammad ZOLADL, Simon I HAY, Christopher J L MURRAY and Nicholas J KASSEBAUM
Background Anaemia is a major health problem worldwide. Global estimates of anaemia burden are crucial for developing appropriate interventions to meet current international targets for disease mitigation. We describe the prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends of anaemia and its underlying causes in 204 countries and territories. Methods We estimated population-level distributions of haemoglobin concentration by age and sex for each location from 1990 to 2021. We then calculated anaemia burden by severity and associated years lived with disability (YLDs). With data on prevalence of the causes of anaemia and associated cause-specific shifts in haemoglobin concentrations, we modelled the proportion of anaemia attributed to 37 underlying causes for all locations, years, and demographics in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Findings In 2021, the global prevalence of anaemia across all ages was 24 center dot 3% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 23 center dot 9-24 center dot 7), corresponding to 1 center dot 92 billion (1 center dot 89-1 center dot 95) prevalent cases, compared with a prevalence of 28 center dot 2% (27 center dot 8-28 center dot 5) and 1 center dot 50 billion (1 center dot 48-1 center dot 52) prevalent cases in 1990. Large variations were observed in anaemia burden by age, sex, and geography, with children younger than 5 years, women, and countries in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia being particularly affected. Anaemia caused 52 center dot 0 million (35 center dot 1-75 center dot 1) YLDs in 2021, and the YLD rate due to anaemia declined with increasing Socio-demographic Index. The most common causes of anaemia YLDs in 2021 were dietary iron deficiency (cause-specific anaemia YLD rate per 100 000 population: 422 center dot 4 [95% UI 286 center dot 1-612 center dot 9]), haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias (89 center dot 0 [58 center dot 2-123 center dot 7]), and other neglected tropical diseases (36 center dot 3 [24 center dot 4-52 center dot 8]), collectively accounting for 84 center dot 7% (84 center dot 1-85 center dot 2) of anaemia YLDs. Interpretation Anaemia remains a substantial global health challenge, with persistent disparities according to age, sex, and geography. Estimates of cause-specific anaemia burden can be used to design locally relevant health interventions aimed at improving anaemia management and prevention. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
GARDNER, William M, Christian RAZO, Theresa A MCHUGH, Hailey HAGINS, Victor M VILCHIS-TELLA, Conor HENNESSY, Heather Jean TAYLOR, Nandita PERUMAL, Kia FULLER, Kelly M CERCY, Leo Zucker ZOECKLER, Catherine S CHEN, Stephen S LIM, Amirali AALI, Kalkidan Hassen ABATE, Sherief ABD-ELSALAM, Ame Mehadi ABDUREHMAN, Getachew ABEBE, Hassan ABIDI, Richard Gyan ABOAGYE, Hassan ABOLHASSANI, Girma Beressa ABOYE, Yonas Derso ABTEW, Manfred Mario Kokou ACCROMBESSI, Denberu Eshetie ADANE, Tigist Demssew ADANE, Isaac Yeboah ADDO, Miracle Ayomikun ADESINA, Daniel Adedayo ADEYINKA, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah ADNANI, Muhammad Sohail AFZAL, Saira AFZAL, Rina AGUSTINA, Bright Opoku AHINKORAH, Aqeel AHMAD, Sajjad AHMAD, Sepideh AHMADI, Ayman AHMED, Tarik Ahmed RASHID, Wajeeha AIMAN, Marjan AJAMI, Hossein AKBARIALIABAD, Fares ALAHDAB, Ziyad AL-ALY, Nazmul ALAM, Astawus ALEMAYEHU, Robert Kaba ALHASSAN, Muhammad Ashar ALI, Sami ALMUSTANYIR, Rajaa M AL-RADDADI, Rami H AL-RIFAI, Khalid A ALTIRKAWI, Saba ALVAND, Nelson ALVIS-GUZMAN, Yasser Sami Abdel Dayem AMER, Edward Kwabena AMEYAW, Hubert AMU, Tadele Fentabil ANAGAW, Robert ANCUCEANU, Ali Arash ANOUSHIRVANI, Maxwell Hubert ANTWI, Davood ANVARI, Jalal ARABLOO, Aleksandr Y ARAVKIN, Hany ARIFFIN, Timur ARIPOV, Asrat ARJA, Michael Benjamin ARNDT, Judie ARULAPPAN, Raphael Taiwo ARULEBA, Tahira ASHRAF, Melash Belachew ASRESIE, Seyyed Shamsadin ATHARI, Daniel ATLAW, Avinash AUJAYEB, Andargie Abate AWOKE, Mamaru Ayenew AWOKE, Sina AZADNAJAFABAD, Mohammadreza AZANGOU-KHYAVY, B B DARSHAN, Alaa BADAWI, Ashish D BADIYE, Nayereh BAGHCHEGHI, Nasser BAGHERI, Sara BAGHERIEH, Atif Amin BAIG, Maciej BANACH, Palash Chandra BANIK, Abere Tilahun BANTIE, Ronald D BARR, Amadou BARROW, Azadeh BASHIRI, Saurav BASU, Abdul-Monim Mohammad BATIHA, Tahmina BEGUM, Melaku Ashagrie BELETE, Luis BELO, Isabela M BENSENOR, Alemshet Yirga BERHIE, Akshaya Srikanth BHAGAVATHULA, Nikha BHARDWAJ, Pankaj BHARDWAJ, Ajay Nagesh BHAT, Zulfiqar A BHUTTA, Boris BIKBOV, Sk Masum BILLAH, Setognal BIRARA, Jessica Devin BISHAI, Saeid BITARAF, Archith BOLOOR, Joao Silva BOTELHO, Katrin BURKART, Daniela CALINA, Francieli CEMBRANEL, Promit Ananyo CHAKRABORTY, Gashaw Sisay CHANIE, Vijay Kumar CHATTU, Ju-Huei CHIEN, Isaac Sunday CHUKWU, Eunice CHUNG, Michael H CRIQUI, Natalia CRUZ-MARTINS, Omid DADRAS, Gizachew Worku DAGNEW, Xiaochen DAI, Hadi A DANAWI, Lalit DANDONA, Rakhi DANDONA, Aso Mohammad DARWESH, Jai K DAS, Saswati DAS, De la Cruz-Gongora VANESSA, Fitsum Wolde DEMISSE, Solomon DEMISSIE, Desalegn Getnet DEMSIE, Hardik Dineshbhai DESAI, Markos DESALEGN, Fikadu Nugusu DESSALEGN, Gashaw DESSIE, Samath Dhamminda DHARMARATNE, Meghnath DHIMAL, Sameer DHINGRA, Daniel DIAZ, Mojtaba DIDEHDAR, M Ashworth DIRAC, Mengistie DIRESS, Saeid DOAEI, Milad DODANGEH, Paul Narh DOKU, Deepa DONGARWAR, Bezabih Terefe DORA, Haneil Larson DSOUZA, Hisham Atan EDINUR, Michael EKHOLUENETALE, Ahmed Elabbas Mustafa ELAGALI, Mostafa Ahmed ELBAHNASAWY, Iffat ELBARAZI, Ghada Metwally Tawfik ELGOHARY, Muhammed ELHADI, Waseem EL-HUNEIDI, Mohamed A ELMONEM, Daniel Berhanie ENYEW, Habitu Birhan ESHETU, Samuel B EWALD, Rana EZZEDDINI, Adeniyi Francis FAGBAMIGBE, Abidemi Omolara FASANMI, Ali FATEHIZADEH, Ginenus FEKADU, Bikila Regassa FEYISA, Florian FISCHER, Ryan FITZGERALD, Masoud FOROUTAN, Kayode Raphael FOWOBAJE, Muktar A GADANYA, Abhay Motiramji GAIDHANE, Santosh GAIHRE, Abduzhappar GAIPOV, Yaseen GALALI, Nasrin GALEHDAR, Priyanka GARG, Tushar GARG, Yosef Haile GEBREMARIAM, Ketema Bizuwork GEBREMEDHIN, Berhe GEBREMICHAEL, Yibeltal Yismaw GELA, Urge GEREMA, Lemma GETACHER, Kazem GHAFFARI, Mansour GHAFOURIFARD, Seyyed-Hadi GHAMARI, Mohammad Ghasemi NOUR, Ahmad GHASHGHAEE, Maryam GHOLAMALIZADEH, Sherief GHOZY, Abraham Tamirat T GIZAW, James C GLASBEY, Mahaveer GOLECHHA, Pouya GOLEIJ, Mohamad GOLITALEB, Alessandra C GOULART, Girma Garedew GOYOMSA, Habtamu Alganeh GUADIE, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen GUBARI, Zewdie GUDISA, Damitha Asanga GUNAWARDANE, Rahul GUPTA, Das Gupta RAJAT, Sapna GUPTA, Vivek Kumar GUPTA, Alemu GUTA, Parham HABIBZADEH, Samer HAMIDI, Alexis J HANDAL, Asif HANIF, Md Abdul HANNAN, Harapan HARAPAN, Mehdi HARORANI, Ahmed I HASABALLAH, Md Mehedi HASAN, Hamidreza HASANI, Hadi HASSANKHANI, Mohammed Bheser HASSEN, Khezar HAYAT, Golnaz HEIDARI, Sonja Y HESS, Demisu Zenbaba HEYI, Kamal HEZAM, Yuta HIRAIKE, Ramesh HOLLA, Sheikh Jamal HOSSAIN, Kaveh HOSSEINI, Mohammad-Salar HOSSEINI, Mehdi HOSSEINZADEH, Mihaela HOSTIUC, Sorin HOSTIUC, Junjie HUANG, Mohammad Salman HUSSAIN, Foziya Mohammed HUSSIEN, Segun Emmanuel IBITOYE, Olayinka Stephen ILESANMI, Irena M ILIC, Mustapha IMMURANA, Leeberk Raja INBARAJ, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful ISLAM, Nahlah Elkudssiah ISMAIL, Linda J MERIN, Elham JAMSHIDI, Manthan Dilipkumar JANODIA, Umesh JAYARAJAH, Shubha JAYARAM, Rime JEBAI, Bedru JEMAL, Angeline JEYAKUMAR, Ravi Prakash JHA, Jost B JONAS, Nitin JOSEPH, Jacek Jerzy JOZWIAK, Ali KABIR, Laleh R KALANKESH, Rohollah KALHOR, Vineet Kumar KAMAL, Himal KANDEL, Tesfaye K KANKO, Ibraheem M KARAYE, Faizan Zaffar KASHOO, Patrick D M C KATOTO, Joonas H KAUPPILA, Harkiran KAUR, Gbenga A KAYODE, Adera Debella KEBEDE, Vikash Ranjan KESHRI, Mohammad KEYKHAEI, Yousef Saleh KHADER, Himanshu KHAJURIA, Nauman KHALID, Mohammad KHAMMARNIA, Imteyaz A KHAN, Moien A B KHAN, Khaled KHATAB, Zaher KHAZAEI, Jagdish KHUBCHANDANI, Yun Jin KIM, Ruth W KIMOKOTI, Sezer KISA, Farzad KOMPANI, Soewarta KOSEN, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane LAXMINARAYANA, Kewal KRISHAN, Barthelemy Kuate DEFO, Mohammed KUDDUS, G Anil KUMAR, Naveen KUMAR, Nithin KUMAR, Om P KURMI, Oluwatosin KUTI, Dharmesh Kumar LAL, Ivan LANDIRES, Anders O LARSSON, Zohra S LASSI, Kamaluddin LATIEF, Avula LAXMAIAH, Caterina LEDDA, Sang-woong LEE, Samson Mideksa LEGESSE, Xuefeng LIU, Laszlo LORENZOVICI, Vanessa Sintra MACHADO, Preetam Bhalchandra MAHAJAN, Soleiman MAHJOUB, Ata MAHMOODPOOR, Elham MAHMOUDI, Elaheh Malakan RAD, Tauqeer Hussain MALLHI, Deborah Carvalho MALTA, Sahar MASOUDI, Seyedeh Zahra MASOUMI, John Robert Carabeo MEDINA, Fabiola MEJIA-RODRIGUEZ, Jose Joao MENDES, Walter MENDOZA, Oliver MENDOZA-CANO, Alexios-Fotios A MENTIS, Haftu Asmerom MERESA, Tomislav MESTROVIC, Tomasz MIAZGOWSKI, Mojgan MIRGHAFOURVAND, Andreea MIRICA, Moonis MIRZA, Awoke MISGANAW, Sanjeev MISRA, Dara K MOHAMMAD, Shadieh MOHAMMADI, Shafiu MOHAMMED, Syam MOHAN, Nagabhishek MOKA, Ali H MOKDAD, Sara MOMTAZMANESH, Lorenzo MONASTA, Mohammad Ali MONI, Delaram MOOSAVI, Maryam MORADI, Abbas MOSAPOUR, Ebrahim MOSTAFAVI, Temesgen MUCHE, Francesk MULITA, Getaneh Baye MULU, Ana-Maria MUSINA, Ghulam MUSTAFA, Ahamarshan Jayaraman NAGARAJAN, Tapas Sadasivan NAIR, Sreenivas Narasimha SWAMY, Hasan NASSERELDINE, Zuhair S NATTO, Biswa Prakash NAYAK, Shumaila NAZ, Ionut NEGOI, Ruxandra Irina NEGOI, Georges NGUEFACK-TSAGUE, Josephine W NGUNJIRI, Robina Khan NIAZI, Maryam NOORI, Ali NOWROOZI, Dieta NURRIKA, Khan M NURUZZAMAN, Ogochukwu Janet NZOPUTAM, Bogdan OANCEA, Rahman Md OBAIDUR, Mohammed Suleiman OBSA, Julius Nyerere ODHIAMBO, Ropo Ebenezer 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Prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends in anaemia burden by severity and cause, 1990-2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. LANCET HAEMATOLOGY. OXFORD: ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2023, vol. 10, No 9, p. "e713"-"e734", 22 pp. ISSN 2352-3026. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3026(23)00160-6.
@article{2379825, author = {Gardner, William M and Razo, Christian and McHugh, Theresa A and Hagins, Hailey and VilchisandTella, Victor M and Hennessy, Conor and Taylor, Heather Jean and Perumal, Nandita and Fuller, Kia and Cercy, Kelly M and Zoeckler, Leo Zucker and Chen, Catherine S and Lim, Stephen S and Aali, Amirali and Abate, Kalkidan Hassen and AbdandElsalam, Sherief and Abdurehman, Ame Mehadi and Abebe, Getachew and Abidi, Hassan and Aboagye, Richard Gyan and Abolhassani, Hassan and Aboye, Girma Beressa and Abtew, Yonas Derso and Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou and Adane, Denberu Eshetie and Adane, Tigist Demssew and Addo, Isaac Yeboah and Adesina, Miracle Ayomikun and Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo and Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah and Afzal, Muhammad Sohail and Afzal, Saira and Agustina, Rina and Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku and Ahmad, Aqeel and Ahmad, Sajjad and Ahmadi, Sepideh and Ahmed, Ayman and Rashid, Tarik Ahmed and Aiman, Wajeeha and Ajami, Marjan and Akbarialiabad, Hossein and Alahdab, Fares and AlandAly, Ziyad and Alam, Nazmul and Alemayehu, Astawus and Alhassan, Robert Kaba and Ali, Muhammad Ashar and Almustanyir, Sami and AlandRaddadi, Rajaa M and AlandRifai, Rami H and Altirkawi, Khalid A and Alvand, Saba and AlvisandGuzman, Nelson and Amer, Yasser Sami Abdel Dayem and Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena and Amu, Hubert and Anagaw, Tadele Fentabil and Ancuceanu, Robert and Anoushirvani, Ali Arash and Antwi, Maxwell Hubert and Anvari, Davood and Arabloo, Jalal and Aravkin, Aleksandr Y and Ariffin, Hany and Aripov, Timur and Arja, Asrat and Arndt, Michael Benjamin and Arulappan, Judie and Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo and Ashraf, Tahira and Asresie, Melash Belachew and Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin and Atlaw, Daniel and Aujayeb, Avinash and Awoke, Andargie Abate and Awoke, Mamaru Ayenew and Azadnajafabad, Sina and AzangouandKhyavy, Mohammadreza and Darshan, B B and Badawi, Alaa and Badiye, Ashish D and Baghcheghi, Nayereh and Bagheri, Nasser and Bagherieh, Sara and Baig, Atif Amin and Banach, Maciej and Banik, Palash Chandra and Bantie, Abere Tilahun and Barr, Ronald D and Barrow, Amadou and Bashiri, Azadeh and Basu, Saurav and Batiha, AbdulandMonim Mohammad and Begum, Tahmina and Belete, Melaku Ashagrie and Belo, Luis and Bensenor, Isabela M and Berhie, Alemshet Yirga and Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth and Bhardwaj, Nikha and Bhardwaj, Pankaj and Bhat, Ajay Nagesh and Bhutta, Zulfiqar A and Bikbov, Boris and Billah, Sk Masum and Birara, Setognal and Bishai, Jessica Devin and Bitaraf, Saeid and Boloor, Archith and Botelho, Joao Silva and Burkart, Katrin and Calina, Daniela and Cembranel, Francieli and Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo and Chanie, Gashaw Sisay and Chattu, Vijay Kumar and Chien, JuandHuei and Chukwu, Isaac Sunday and Chung, Eunice and Criqui, Michael H and CruzandMartins, Natalia and Dadras, Omid and Dagnew, Gizachew Worku and Dai, Xiaochen and Danawi, Hadi A and Dandona, Lalit and Dandona, Rakhi and Darwesh, Aso Mohammad and Das, Jai K and Das, Saswati and Vanessa, De la CruzandGongora and Demisse, Fitsum Wolde and Demissie, Solomon and Demsie, Desalegn Getnet and Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai and Desalegn, Markos and Dessalegn, Fikadu Nugusu and Dessie, Gashaw and Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda and Dhimal, Meghnath and Dhingra, Sameer and Diaz, Daniel and Didehdar, Mojtaba and Dirac, M Ashworth and Diress, Mengistie and Doaei, Saeid and Dodangeh, Milad and Doku, Paul Narh and Dongarwar, Deepa and Dora, Bezabih Terefe and Dsouza, Haneil Larson and Edinur, Hisham Atan and Ekholuenetale, Michael and Elagali, Ahmed Elabbas Mustafa and Elbahnasawy, Mostafa Ahmed and Elbarazi, Iffat and ElGohary, Ghada Metwally Tawfik and Elhadi, Muhammed and ElandHuneidi, Waseem and Elmonem, Mohamed A and Enyew, Daniel Berhanie and Eshetu, Habitu Birhan and Ewald, Samuel B and Ezzeddini, Rana and Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis and Fasanmi, Abidemi Omolara et al.}, article_location = {OXFORD}, article_number = {9}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3026(23)00160-6}, keywords = {anaemia burden}, language = {eng}, issn = {2352-3026}, journal = {LANCET HAEMATOLOGY}, title = {Prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends in anaemia burden by severity and cause, 1990-2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352302623001606}, volume = {10}, year = {2023} }
TY - JOUR ID - 2379825 AU - Gardner, William M - Razo, Christian - McHugh, Theresa A - Hagins, Hailey - Vilchis-Tella, Victor M - Hennessy, Conor - Taylor, Heather Jean - Perumal, Nandita - Fuller, Kia - Cercy, Kelly M - Zoeckler, Leo Zucker - Chen, Catherine S - Lim, Stephen S - Aali, Amirali - Abate, Kalkidan Hassen - Abd-Elsalam, Sherief - Abdurehman, Ame Mehadi - Abebe, Getachew - Abidi, Hassan - Aboagye, Richard Gyan - Abolhassani, Hassan - Aboye, Girma Beressa - Abtew, Yonas Derso - Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou - Adane, Denberu Eshetie - Adane, Tigist Demssew - Addo, Isaac Yeboah - Adesina, Miracle Ayomikun - Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo - Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah - Afzal, Muhammad Sohail - Afzal, Saira - Agustina, Rina - Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku - Ahmad, Aqeel - Ahmad, Sajjad - Ahmadi, Sepideh - Ahmed, Ayman - Rashid, Tarik Ahmed - Aiman, Wajeeha - Ajami, Marjan - Akbarialiabad, Hossein - Alahdab, Fares - Al-Aly, Ziyad - Alam, Nazmul - Alemayehu, Astawus - Alhassan, Robert Kaba - Ali, Muhammad Ashar - Almustanyir, Sami - Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M - Al-Rifai, Rami H - Altirkawi, Khalid A - Alvand, Saba - Alvis-Guzman, Nelson - Amer, Yasser Sami Abdel Dayem - Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena - Amu, Hubert - Anagaw, Tadele Fentabil - Ancuceanu, Robert - Anoushirvani, Ali Arash - Antwi, Maxwell Hubert - Anvari, Davood - Arabloo, Jalal - Aravkin, Aleksandr Y - Ariffin, Hany - Aripov, Timur - Arja, Asrat - Arndt, Michael Benjamin - Arulappan, Judie - Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo - Ashraf, Tahira - Asresie, Melash Belachew - Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin - Atlaw, Daniel - Aujayeb, Avinash - Awoke, Andargie Abate - Awoke, Mamaru Ayenew - Azadnajafabad, Sina - Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza - Darshan, B B - Badawi, Alaa - Badiye, Ashish D - Baghcheghi, Nayereh - Bagheri, Nasser - Bagherieh, Sara - Baig, Atif Amin - Banach, Maciej - Banik, Palash Chandra - Bantie, Abere Tilahun - Barr, Ronald D - Barrow, Amadou - Bashiri, Azadeh - Basu, Saurav - Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad - Begum, Tahmina - Belete, Melaku Ashagrie - Belo, Luis - Bensenor, Isabela M - Berhie, Alemshet Yirga - Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth - Bhardwaj, Nikha - Bhardwaj, Pankaj - Bhat, Ajay Nagesh - Bhutta, Zulfiqar A - Bikbov, Boris - Billah, Sk Masum - Birara, Setognal - Bishai, Jessica Devin - Bitaraf, Saeid - Boloor, Archith - Botelho, Joao Silva - Burkart, Katrin - Calina, Daniela - Cembranel, Francieli - Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo - Chanie, Gashaw Sisay - Chattu, Vijay Kumar - Chien, Ju-Huei - Chukwu, Isaac Sunday - Chung, Eunice - Criqui, Michael H - Cruz-Martins, Natalia - Dadras, Omid - Dagnew, Gizachew Worku - Dai, Xiaochen - Danawi, Hadi A - Dandona, Lalit - Dandona, Rakhi - Darwesh, Aso Mohammad - Das, Jai K - Das, Saswati - Vanessa, De la Cruz-Gongora - Demisse, Fitsum Wolde - Demissie, Solomon - Demsie, Desalegn Getnet - Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai - Desalegn, Markos - Dessalegn, Fikadu Nugusu - Dessie, Gashaw - Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda - Dhimal, Meghnath - Dhingra, Sameer - Diaz, Daniel - Didehdar, Mojtaba - Dirac, M Ashworth - Diress, Mengistie - Doaei, Saeid - Dodangeh, Milad - Doku, Paul Narh - Dongarwar, Deepa - Dora, Bezabih Terefe - Dsouza, Haneil Larson - Edinur, Hisham Atan - Ekholuenetale, Michael - Elagali, Ahmed Elabbas Mustafa - Elbahnasawy, Mostafa Ahmed - Elbarazi, Iffat - ElGohary, Ghada Metwally Tawfik - Elhadi, Muhammed - El-Huneidi, Waseem - Elmonem, Mohamed A - Enyew, Daniel Berhanie - Eshetu, Habitu Birhan - Ewald, Samuel B - Ezzeddini, Rana - Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis - Fasanmi, Abidemi Omolara et al. PY - 2023 TI - Prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends in anaemia burden by severity and cause, 1990-2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 JF - LANCET HAEMATOLOGY VL - 10 IS - 9 SP - "e713"-"e734" EP - "e713"-"e734" PB - ELSEVIER SCI LTD SN - 23523026 KW - anaemia burden UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352302623001606 N2 - Background Anaemia is a major health problem worldwide. Global estimates of anaemia burden are crucial for developing appropriate interventions to meet current international targets for disease mitigation. We describe the prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends of anaemia and its underlying causes in 204 countries and territories. Methods We estimated population-level distributions of haemoglobin concentration by age and sex for each location from 1990 to 2021. We then calculated anaemia burden by severity and associated years lived with disability (YLDs). With data on prevalence of the causes of anaemia and associated cause-specific shifts in haemoglobin concentrations, we modelled the proportion of anaemia attributed to 37 underlying causes for all locations, years, and demographics in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Findings In 2021, the global prevalence of anaemia across all ages was 24 center dot 3% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 23 center dot 9-24 center dot 7), corresponding to 1 center dot 92 billion (1 center dot 89-1 center dot 95) prevalent cases, compared with a prevalence of 28 center dot 2% (27 center dot 8-28 center dot 5) and 1 center dot 50 billion (1 center dot 48-1 center dot 52) prevalent cases in 1990. Large variations were observed in anaemia burden by age, sex, and geography, with children younger than 5 years, women, and countries in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia being particularly affected. Anaemia caused 52 center dot 0 million (35 center dot 1-75 center dot 1) YLDs in 2021, and the YLD rate due to anaemia declined with increasing Socio-demographic Index. The most common causes of anaemia YLDs in 2021 were dietary iron deficiency (cause-specific anaemia YLD rate per 100 000 population: 422 center dot 4 [95% UI 286 center dot 1-612 center dot 9]), haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias (89 center dot 0 [58 center dot 2-123 center dot 7]), and other neglected tropical diseases (36 center dot 3 [24 center dot 4-52 center dot 8]), collectively accounting for 84 center dot 7% (84 center dot 1-85 center dot 2) of anaemia YLDs. Interpretation Anaemia remains a substantial global health challenge, with persistent disparities according to age, sex, and geography. Estimates of cause-specific anaemia burden can be used to design locally relevant health interventions aimed at improving anaemia management and prevention. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. ER -
GARDNER, William M, Christian RAZO, Theresa A MCHUGH, Hailey HAGINS, Victor M VILCHIS-TELLA, Conor HENNESSY, Heather Jean TAYLOR, Nandita PERUMAL, Kia FULLER, Kelly M CERCY, Leo Zucker ZOECKLER, Catherine S CHEN, Stephen S LIM, Amirali AALI, Kalkidan Hassen ABATE, Sherief ABD-ELSALAM, Ame Mehadi ABDUREHMAN, Getachew ABEBE, Hassan ABIDI, Richard Gyan ABOAGYE, Hassan ABOLHASSANI, Girma Beressa ABOYE, Yonas Derso ABTEW, Manfred Mario Kokou ACCROMBESSI, Denberu Eshetie ADANE, Tigist Demssew ADANE, Isaac Yeboah ADDO, Miracle Ayomikun ADESINA, Daniel Adedayo ADEYINKA, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah ADNANI, Muhammad Sohail AFZAL, Saira AFZAL, Rina AGUSTINA, Bright Opoku AHINKORAH, Aqeel AHMAD, Sajjad AHMAD, Sepideh AHMADI, Ayman AHMED, Tarik Ahmed RASHID, Wajeeha AIMAN, Marjan AJAMI, Hossein AKBARIALIABAD, Fares ALAHDAB, Ziyad AL-ALY, Nazmul ALAM, Astawus ALEMAYEHU, Robert Kaba ALHASSAN, Muhammad Ashar ALI, Sami ALMUSTANYIR, Rajaa M AL-RADDADI, Rami H AL-RIFAI, Khalid A ALTIRKAWI, Saba ALVAND, Nelson ALVIS-GUZMAN, Yasser Sami Abdel Dayem AMER, Edward Kwabena AMEYAW, Hubert AMU, Tadele Fentabil ANAGAW, Robert ANCUCEANU, Ali Arash ANOUSHIRVANI, Maxwell Hubert ANTWI, Davood ANVARI, Jalal ARABLOO, Aleksandr Y ARAVKIN, Hany ARIFFIN, Timur ARIPOV, Asrat ARJA, Michael Benjamin ARNDT, Judie ARULAPPAN, Raphael Taiwo ARULEBA, Tahira ASHRAF, Melash Belachew ASRESIE, Seyyed Shamsadin ATHARI, Daniel ATLAW, Avinash AUJAYEB, Andargie Abate AWOKE, Mamaru Ayenew AWOKE, Sina AZADNAJAFABAD, Mohammadreza AZANGOU-KHYAVY, B B DARSHAN, Alaa BADAWI, Ashish D BADIYE, Nayereh BAGHCHEGHI, Nasser BAGHERI, Sara BAGHERIEH, Atif Amin BAIG, Maciej BANACH, Palash Chandra BANIK, Abere Tilahun BANTIE, Ronald D BARR, Amadou BARROW, Azadeh BASHIRI, Saurav BASU, Abdul-Monim Mohammad BATIHA, Tahmina BEGUM, Melaku Ashagrie BELETE, Luis BELO, Isabela M BENSENOR, Alemshet Yirga BERHIE, Akshaya Srikanth BHAGAVATHULA, Nikha BHARDWAJ, Pankaj BHARDWAJ, Ajay Nagesh BHAT, Zulfiqar A BHUTTA, Boris BIKBOV, Sk Masum BILLAH, Setognal BIRARA, Jessica Devin BISHAI, Saeid BITARAF, Archith BOLOOR, Joao Silva BOTELHO, Katrin BURKART, Daniela CALINA, Francieli CEMBRANEL, Promit Ananyo CHAKRABORTY, Gashaw Sisay CHANIE, Vijay Kumar CHATTU, Ju-Huei CHIEN, Isaac Sunday CHUKWU, Eunice CHUNG, Michael H CRIQUI, Natalia CRUZ-MARTINS, Omid DADRAS, Gizachew Worku DAGNEW, Xiaochen DAI, Hadi A DANAWI, Lalit DANDONA, Rakhi DANDONA, Aso Mohammad DARWESH, Jai K DAS, Saswati DAS, De la Cruz-Gongora VANESSA, Fitsum Wolde DEMISSE, Solomon DEMISSIE, Desalegn Getnet DEMSIE, Hardik Dineshbhai DESAI, Markos DESALEGN, Fikadu Nugusu DESSALEGN, Gashaw DESSIE, Samath Dhamminda DHARMARATNE, Meghnath DHIMAL, Sameer DHINGRA, Daniel DIAZ, Mojtaba DIDEHDAR, M Ashworth DIRAC, Mengistie DIRESS, Saeid DOAEI, Milad DODANGEH, Paul Narh DOKU, Deepa DONGARWAR, Bezabih Terefe DORA, Haneil Larson DSOUZA, Hisham Atan EDINUR, Michael EKHOLUENETALE, Ahmed Elabbas Mustafa ELAGALI, Mostafa Ahmed ELBAHNASAWY, Iffat ELBARAZI, Ghada Metwally Tawfik ELGOHARY, Muhammed ELHADI, Waseem EL-HUNEIDI, Mohamed A ELMONEM, Daniel Berhanie ENYEW, Habitu Birhan ESHETU, Samuel B EWALD, Rana EZZEDDINI, Adeniyi Francis FAGBAMIGBE, Abidemi Omolara FASANMI, Ali FATEHIZADEH, Ginenus FEKADU, Bikila Regassa FEYISA, Florian FISCHER, Ryan FITZGERALD, Masoud FOROUTAN, Kayode Raphael FOWOBAJE, Muktar A GADANYA, Abhay Motiramji GAIDHANE, Santosh GAIHRE, Abduzhappar GAIPOV, Yaseen GALALI, Nasrin GALEHDAR, Priyanka GARG, Tushar GARG, Yosef Haile GEBREMARIAM, Ketema Bizuwork GEBREMEDHIN, Berhe GEBREMICHAEL, Yibeltal Yismaw GELA, Urge GEREMA, Lemma GETACHER, Kazem GHAFFARI, Mansour GHAFOURIFARD, Seyyed-Hadi GHAMARI, Mohammad Ghasemi NOUR, Ahmad GHASHGHAEE, Maryam GHOLAMALIZADEH, Sherief GHOZY, Abraham Tamirat T GIZAW, James C GLASBEY, Mahaveer GOLECHHA, Pouya GOLEIJ, Mohamad GOLITALEB, Alessandra C GOULART, Girma Garedew GOYOMSA, Habtamu Alganeh GUADIE, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen GUBARI, Zewdie GUDISA, Damitha Asanga GUNAWARDANE, Rahul GUPTA, Das Gupta RAJAT, Sapna 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