The fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System categorizes diffuse gliomas into the pediatric type, which mainly affects children, and into the adult type of diffuse gliomas occurring dominantly in adult patients. Recently characterized tumors, defined for the first time according to the 2021 WHO classification, have been included in the group of diffuse gliomas of the pediatric type. At the same time, established gliomas have undergone changes in their diagnostic criteria, reflecting the latest insights from molecular-genetic research. This second part of the review presents a comprehensive summary of tumors classified into the pediatric-type diffuse gliomas group according to the fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System published in 2021.