Impact of water exhaled out by visitors in show caves: a case
study from the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic)

J 2024

Impact of water exhaled out by visitors in show caves: a case study from the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic)

LANG, Marek, Jiří FAIMON, Pavel PRACNÝ, Jindřich ŠTELCL, Sandra KEJÍKOVÁ et. al.

Basic information

Original name

Impact of water exhaled out by visitors in show caves: a case study from the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic)

Authors

LANG, Marek, Jiří FAIMON, Pavel PRACNÝ, Jindřich ŠTELCL, Sandra KEJÍKOVÁ and Jiří HEBELKA

Edition

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Springer, 2024, 0944-1344

Other information

Language

English

Type of outcome

Článek v odborném periodiku

Field of Study

10505 Geology

Country of publisher

Germany

Confidentiality degree

není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství

References:

URL

Impact factor

Impact factor: 5.800 in 2022

Organization unit

Faculty of Science

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32946-2

Keywords in English

Calcite dissolution; Exhaled water vapor/CO2; Show cave; Speleothems; Visitors

Abstract

V originále

The anthropogenic impact of the water and CO2 exhaled by visitors was studied in the show caves of the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic), especially in the Balcarka and Výpustek Caves. Two alternative models based on (1) the known/presumed composition of the breathed air and physical activity of visitors and (2) the detailed monitoring microclimatic data were proposed. The CO2 fluxes of 2.4 × 10−4 and (2.0–3.9) × 10−4 mol person−1 s−1 and the water vapor fluxes of (3.2–8.9) × 10−3 and (0.6–1.2) × 10−2 g person−1 s−1 were found for a slightly increased physical load. The total attendance and cave tour duration were the main driving factors. For the available data on attendance and accessibility periods, the total mass of water vapor exhaled by visitors in all show caves in the Moravian Karst was estimated between 9.6 × 106 and 4.3 × 108 g with significant seasonality. According to the geochemical model, this mass of water is capable of dissolving 1280 to 59,038 g of calcite, assuming a mean winter and summer CO2 concentration in the cave air of 1000 and 3000 ppmv. The larger extent of water condensation can lead to the so-called condensation corrosion, whereas the lower extent of condensation probably causes a recrystallization of calcite on the surface of speleothems and rocks.

Citovat

LANG, Marek, Jiří FAIMON, Pavel PRACNÝ, Jindřich ŠTELCL, Sandra KEJÍKOVÁ and Jiří HEBELKA. Impact of water exhaled out by visitors in show caves: a case study from the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic). Environmental Science and Pollution Research. Springer, 2024, 19 pp. ISSN 0944-1344. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32946-2.

@article{2391420,
   author = {Lang, Marek and Faimon, Jiří and Pracný, Pavel and Štelcl, Jindřich and Kejíková, Sandra and Hebelka, Jiří},
   doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32946-2},
   keywords = {Calcite dissolution; Exhaled water vapor/CO2; Show cave; Speleothems; Visitors},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {0944-1344},
   journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},
   title = {Impact of water exhaled out by visitors in show caves: a case study from the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic)},
   url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-024-32946-2},
   year = {2024}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2391420
AU  - Lang, Marek - Faimon, Jiří - Pracný, Pavel - Štelcl, Jindřich - Kejíková, Sandra - Hebelka, Jiří
PY  - 2024
TI  - Impact of water exhaled out by visitors in show caves: a case study from the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic)
JF  - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
PB  - Springer
SN  - 09441344
KW  - Calcite dissolution
KW  - Exhaled water vapor/CO2
KW  - Show cave
KW  - Speleothems
KW  - Visitors
UR  - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-024-32946-2
N2  - The anthropogenic impact of the water and CO2 exhaled by visitors was studied in the show caves of the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic), especially in the Balcarka and Výpustek Caves. Two alternative models based on (1) the known/presumed composition of the breathed air and physical activity of visitors and (2) the detailed monitoring microclimatic data were proposed. The CO2 fluxes of 2.4 × 10−4 and (2.0–3.9) × 10−4 mol person−1 s−1 and the water vapor fluxes of (3.2–8.9) × 10−3 and (0.6–1.2) × 10−2 g person−1 s−1 were found for a slightly increased physical load. The total attendance and cave tour duration were the main driving factors. For the available data on attendance and accessibility periods, the total mass of water vapor exhaled by visitors in all show caves in the Moravian Karst was estimated between 9.6 × 106 and 4.3 × 108 g with significant seasonality. According to the geochemical model, this mass of water is capable of dissolving 1280 to 59,038 g of calcite, assuming a mean winter and summer CO2 concentration in the cave air of 1000 and 3000 ppmv. The larger extent of water condensation can lead to the so-called condensation corrosion, whereas the lower extent of condensation probably causes a recrystallization of calcite on the surface of speleothems and rocks.
ER  -

LANG, Marek, Jiří FAIMON, Pavel PRACNÝ, Jindřich ŠTELCL, Sandra KEJÍKOVÁ and Jiří HEBELKA. Impact of water exhaled out by visitors in show caves: a case study from the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic). \textit{Environmental Science and Pollution Research}. Springer, 2024, 19 pp. ISSN~0944-1344. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32946-2.

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