A Candidate Supermassive Black Hole in a Gravitationally Lensed
Galaxy at Z ≈ 10

J 2024

A Candidate Supermassive Black Hole in a Gravitationally Lensed Galaxy at Z ≈ 10

KOVÁCS, Orsolya Eszter, Ákos BOGDÁN, Priyamvada NATARAJAN, Norbert WERNER, Mojegan AZADI et. al.

Basic information

Original name

A Candidate Supermassive Black Hole in a Gravitationally Lensed Galaxy at Z ≈ 10

Authors

KOVÁCS, Orsolya Eszter (348 Hungary, belonging to the institution), Ákos BOGDÁN, Priyamvada NATARAJAN, Norbert WERNER (703 Slovakia, belonging to the institution), Mojegan AZADI, Marta VOLONTERI, Grant R. TREMBLAY, Urmila CHADAYAMMURI, William R. FORMAN, Christine JONES and Ralph P. KRAFT

Edition

Astrophysical Journal Letters, IOP Publishing Ltd, 2024, 2041-8205

Other information

Language

English

Type of outcome

Článek v odborném periodiku

Field of Study

10308 Astronomy

Country of publisher

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Confidentiality degree

není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství

References:

URL URL

Impact factor

Impact factor: 7.900 in 2022

Organization unit

Faculty of Science

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad391f

UT WoS

001200537400001

Keywords in English

High-redshift galaxies; X-ray active galactic nuclei; Gravitational lensing; Supermassive black holes; Galaxy clusters

Abstract

V originále

While supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are widely observed in the nearby and distant Universe, their origin remains debated with two viable formation scenarios with light and heavy seeds. In the light seeding model, the seed of the first SMBHs form from the collapse of massive stars with masses of 10-100 M ⊙, while the heavy seeding model posits the formation of 104-5 M ⊙ seeds from direct collapse. The detection of SMBHs at redshifts z ≳ 10, edging closer to their formation epoch, provides critical observational discrimination between these scenarios. Here, we focus on the JWST-detected galaxy, GHZ 9, at z ≈ 10 that is lensed by the foreground cluster, A2744. Based on 2.1 Ms deep Chandra observations, we detect a candidate X-ray active galactic nucleus (AGN), which is spatially coincident with the high-redshift galaxy, GHZ 9. The SMBH candidate is inferred to have a bolometric luminosity of ( 1.0 − 0.4 + 0.5 ) × 10 46 erg s − 1 , which corresponds to a black hole (BH) mass of ( 8.0 − 3.2 + 3.7 ) × 10 7 M ⊙ assuming Eddington-limited accretion. This extreme mass at such an early cosmic epoch suggests the heavy seed origin for this BH candidate. Based on the Chandra and JWST discoveries of extremely high-redshift quasars, we have constructed the first simple AGN luminosity function extending to z ≈ 10. Comparison of this luminosity function with theoretical models indicates an overabundant z ≈ 10 SMBH population, consistent with a higher-than-expected seed formation efficiency.

Links

GX21-13491X, research and development project

Name: Zkoumání žhavého vesmíru a porozumění kosmické zpětné vazbě (Acronym: EHU)

Investor: Czech Science Foundation

Citovat

KOVÁCS, Orsolya Eszter, Ákos BOGDÁN, Priyamvada NATARAJAN, Norbert WERNER, Mojegan AZADI, Marta VOLONTERI, Grant R. TREMBLAY, Urmila CHADAYAMMURI, William R. FORMAN, Christine JONES and Ralph P. KRAFT. A Candidate Supermassive Black Hole in a Gravitationally Lensed Galaxy at Z ≈ 10. Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP Publishing Ltd, 2024, vol. 965, No 2, p. 1-8. ISSN 2041-8205. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad391f.

@article{2396598,
   author = {Kovács, Orsolya Eszter and Bogdán, Ákos and Natarajan, Priyamvada and Werner, Norbert and Azadi, Mojegan and Volonteri, Marta and Tremblay, Grant R. and Chadayammuri, Urmila and Forman, William R. and Jones, Christine and Kraft, Ralph P.},
   article_number = {2},
   doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad391f},
   keywords = {High-redshift galaxies; X-ray active galactic nuclei; Gravitational lensing; Supermassive black holes; Galaxy clusters},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {2041-8205},
   journal = {Astrophysical Journal Letters},
   title = {A Candidate Supermassive Black Hole in a Gravitationally Lensed Galaxy at Z ≈ 10},
   url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ad391f},
   volume = {965},
   year = {2024}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2396598
AU  - Kovács, Orsolya Eszter - Bogdán, Ákos - Natarajan, Priyamvada - Werner, Norbert - Azadi, Mojegan - Volonteri, Marta - Tremblay, Grant R. - Chadayammuri, Urmila - Forman, William R. - Jones, Christine - Kraft, Ralph P.
PY  - 2024
TI  - A Candidate Supermassive Black Hole in a Gravitationally Lensed Galaxy at Z ≈ 10
JF  - Astrophysical Journal Letters
VL  - 965
IS  - 2
SP  - 1-8
EP  - 1-8
PB  - IOP Publishing Ltd
SN  - 20418205
KW  - High-redshift galaxies
KW  - X-ray active galactic nuclei
KW  - Gravitational lensing
KW  - Supermassive black holes
KW  - Galaxy clusters
UR  - https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ad391f
N2  - While supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are widely observed in the nearby and distant Universe, their origin remains debated with two viable formation scenarios with light and heavy seeds. In the light seeding model, the seed of the first SMBHs form from the collapse of massive stars with masses of 10-100 M ⊙, while the heavy seeding model posits the formation of 104-5 M ⊙ seeds from direct collapse. The detection of SMBHs at redshifts z ≳ 10, edging closer to their formation epoch, provides critical observational discrimination between these scenarios. Here, we focus on the JWST-detected galaxy, GHZ 9, at z ≈ 10 that is lensed by the foreground cluster, A2744. Based on 2.1 Ms deep Chandra observations, we detect a candidate X-ray active galactic nucleus (AGN), which is spatially coincident with the high-redshift galaxy, GHZ 9. The SMBH candidate is inferred to have a bolometric luminosity of ( 1.0 − 0.4 + 0.5 ) × 10 46 erg s − 1 , which corresponds to a black hole (BH) mass of ( 8.0 − 3.2 + 3.7 ) × 10 7 M ⊙ assuming Eddington-limited accretion. This extreme mass at such an early cosmic epoch suggests the heavy seed origin for this BH candidate. Based on the Chandra and JWST discoveries of extremely high-redshift quasars, we have constructed the first simple AGN luminosity function extending to z ≈ 10. Comparison of this luminosity function with theoretical models indicates an overabundant z ≈ 10 SMBH population, consistent with a higher-than-expected seed formation efficiency.
ER  -

KOVÁCS, Orsolya Eszter, Ákos BOGDÁN, Priyamvada NATARAJAN, Norbert WERNER, Mojegan AZADI, Marta VOLONTERI, Grant R. TREMBLAY, Urmila CHADAYAMMURI, William R. FORMAN, Christine JONES and Ralph P. KRAFT. A Candidate Supermassive Black Hole in a Gravitationally Lensed Galaxy at Z ≈ 10. \textit{Astrophysical Journal Letters}. IOP Publishing Ltd, 2024, vol.~965, No~2, p.~1-8. ISSN~2041-8205. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad391f.

Detailed Information on Publication Record