As cyber threats against critical infrastructure increasingly jeopardize national security, economic stability, and public safety, this paper delves into the recent trends in cyberattacks targeting essential services such as power grids, water systems, and transportation networks. Through a comprehensive analysis of cyber incident reports and case studies over the last decade, we respond to three pivotal research questions: We identify which domains of critical infrastructure are most frequently targeted by cyberattacks (RQ1), examine the global, geopolitical, regulatory, and technological factors influencing cybersecurity in these domains (RQ2), and assess the impact of these factors (RQ3). Our findings reveal a shift in the tactics, techniques, and procedures employed by cyber adversaries, noting a rise in the sophistication and frequency of ransomware attacks, state-sponsored intrusions, and insider threats that exploit systemic vulnerabilities. The implications of these trends for regulatory frameworks are significant, underscoring the urgent need for enhanced cybersecurity measures at both the organizational and national levels. This study provides stakeholders with critical insights into developing robust defense strategies and adopting proactive measures to mitigate the effects of these potentially devastating attacks, emphasizing the ongoing necessity for investment in cybersecurity resilience to protect vital infrastructure from emerging threats.