Multi-channel delineation of intracardiac electrograms for
arrhythmia substrate analysis using implicitly regularized
convolutional neural network with wide receptive field

J 2024

Multi-channel delineation of intracardiac electrograms for arrhythmia substrate analysis using implicitly regularized convolutional neural network with wide receptive field

HEJC, Jakub, Richard REDINA, Jana KOLAROVA and Zdeněk STÁREK

Basic information

Original name

Multi-channel delineation of intracardiac electrograms for arrhythmia substrate analysis using implicitly regularized convolutional neural network with wide receptive field

Authors

HEJC, Jakub (203 Czech Republic), Richard REDINA (203 Czech Republic), Jana KOLAROVA (203 Czech Republic) and Zdeněk STÁREK (203 Czech Republic, guarantor, belonging to the institution)

Edition

Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, London, ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2024, 1746-8094

Other information

Language

English

Type of outcome

Článek v odborném periodiku

Field of Study

30201 Cardiac and Cardiovascular systems

Country of publisher

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Confidentiality degree

není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství

References:

URL

Impact factor

Impact factor: 5.100 in 2022

Organization unit

Faculty of Medicine

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2024.106274

UT WoS

001224357600001

Keywords in English

Cardiac electrophysiology; Local activation time; Arrhythmia mapping; Convolutional neural network; Wide receptive field; Dilated convolution

Abstract

V originále

Objective: Automated segmentation of intracardiac electrograms and extraction of fundamental cycle length intervals is crucial for reproducible arrhythmia substrate analysis conducted during electrophysiology procedures. The objective of this study is to develop a robust, computationally efficient end-to-end model for the precise electrogram multi-channel delineation using a highly imbalanced dataset. Methods: A temporal deep convolutional neural network (CNN) based on the UNet architecture incorporating convolutional layers of varying dilation rates was implicitly regularized through data augmentations (DAs), a domain specific Tversky loss function, and distinct labelling strategies for segments comprising atrial fibrillation (AF). An exploratory study utilizing Bayesian search was conducted to optimize architectural and loss function hyperparameters. The impact of dilated convolutions, data augmentations, and labelling strategies on the performance and generalization capability was assessed through an ablation study. The performance of different models was evaluated using a cross-validation procedure and two independent test datasets derived from two separate patient cohorts containing 326, 84, and 97 electrograms encompassing sinus rhythms, abnormal complexes during ongoing tachycardias, and stimulation protocols. Results: A UNet model with optimized loss hyperparameters, a dilated receptive field, and atrial fibrillation (AF) annotated as a positive class (D-UNet-L) achieved an average S & oslash;rensen-Dice coefficient (SDC) of 84.9 % on recordings with regular atrial beats across test datasets, surpassing the performance of models without loss optimization (81.5 %), without dilated kernels (81.3 %), and with inversed AF labelling (77.5 %). Notably, the highest average accuracy (Acc) of 95.8 % for AF recordings was obtained by a model trained on negatively assigned AF segments, outperforming D-UNet-L (88.9 %), the model without loss optimization (81.5 %), and the model without dilated kernels (81.3 %). The reference D-UNet-L model exhibited overall root-mean-square errors of 8.3 and 9.0 ms across test datasets. Additionally, 61.5 % and 20.8 % of delineations exhibited absolute errors below 5 ms and 10 ms, respectively. Disabling data augmentation (DAs) resulted in a 2.7 % decrease in validation SDC and a 5.3 % increase in training SDC." Conclusion: Generalization capability across independent datasets was improved by employing exponentially weighted Tversky loss. The model's segmentation performance on longer sequences with atrial fibrillation was improved by incorporating dilated convolution kernels. Noise-aware and morphology data augmentations effectively mitigated overfitting potential in a limited training dataset. Label noise introduced by annotating atrial fibrillation sequences into a positive class strengthened regularization of the model, particularly in its ability to identify regular beats. However, it also negatively impacted performance on F-waves. Significance: The proposed method diminishes the dependence on manual measurements in complex electrophysiology measurements and enhances utilization of the collected electrophysiology data. The findings underscore the substantial impact of intrinsic regularization techniques and establish guidelines to facilitate methodological decision-making processes.

Citovat

HEJC, Jakub, Richard REDINA, Jana KOLAROVA and Zdeněk STÁREK. Multi-channel delineation of intracardiac electrograms for arrhythmia substrate analysis using implicitly regularized convolutional neural network with wide receptive field. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control. London: ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2024, vol. 94, August 2024, p. 1-18. ISSN 1746-8094. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2024.106274.

@article{2424067,
   author = {Hejc, Jakub and Redina, Richard and Kolarova, Jana and Stárek, Zdeněk},
   article_location = {London},
   article_number = {August 2024},
   doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2024.106274},
   keywords = {Cardiac electrophysiology; Local activation time; Arrhythmia mapping; Convolutional neural network; Wide receptive field; Dilated convolution},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {1746-8094},
   journal = {Biomedical Signal Processing and Control},
   title = {Multi-channel delineation of intracardiac electrograms for arrhythmia substrate analysis using implicitly regularized convolutional neural network with wide receptive field},
   url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S174680942400332X?via%3Dihub},
   volume = {94},
   year = {2024}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2424067
AU  - Hejc, Jakub - Redina, Richard - Kolarova, Jana - Stárek, Zdeněk
PY  - 2024
TI  - Multi-channel delineation of intracardiac electrograms for arrhythmia substrate analysis using implicitly regularized convolutional neural network with wide receptive field
JF  - Biomedical Signal Processing and Control
VL  - 94
IS  - August 2024
SP  - 1-18
EP  - 1-18
PB  - ELSEVIER SCI LTD
SN  - 17468094
KW  - Cardiac electrophysiology
KW  - Local activation time
KW  - Arrhythmia mapping
KW  - Convolutional neural network
KW  - Wide receptive field
KW  - Dilated convolution
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S174680942400332X?via%3Dihub
N2  - Objective: Automated segmentation of intracardiac electrograms and extraction of fundamental cycle length intervals is crucial for reproducible arrhythmia substrate analysis conducted during electrophysiology procedures. The objective of this study is to develop a robust, computationally efficient end-to-end model for the precise electrogram multi-channel delineation using a highly imbalanced dataset. Methods: A temporal deep convolutional neural network (CNN) based on the UNet architecture incorporating convolutional layers of varying dilation rates was implicitly regularized through data augmentations (DAs), a domain specific Tversky loss function, and distinct labelling strategies for segments comprising atrial fibrillation (AF). An exploratory study utilizing Bayesian search was conducted to optimize architectural and loss function hyperparameters. The impact of dilated convolutions, data augmentations, and labelling strategies on the performance and generalization capability was assessed through an ablation study. The performance of different models was evaluated using a cross-validation procedure and two independent test datasets derived from two separate patient cohorts containing 326, 84, and 97 electrograms encompassing sinus rhythms, abnormal complexes during ongoing tachycardias, and stimulation protocols. Results: A UNet model with optimized loss hyperparameters, a dilated receptive field, and atrial fibrillation (AF) annotated as a positive class (D-UNet-L) achieved an average S & oslash;rensen-Dice coefficient (SDC) of 84.9 % on recordings with regular atrial beats across test datasets, surpassing the performance of models without loss optimization (81.5 %), without dilated kernels (81.3 %), and with inversed AF labelling (77.5 %). Notably, the highest average accuracy (Acc) of 95.8 % for AF recordings was obtained by a model trained on negatively assigned AF segments, outperforming D-UNet-L (88.9 %), the model without loss optimization (81.5 %), and the model without dilated kernels (81.3 %). The reference D-UNet-L model exhibited overall root-mean-square errors of 8.3 and 9.0 ms across test datasets. Additionally, 61.5 % and 20.8 % of delineations exhibited absolute errors below 5 ms and 10 ms, respectively. Disabling data augmentation (DAs) resulted in a 2.7 % decrease in validation SDC and a 5.3 % increase in training SDC." Conclusion: Generalization capability across independent datasets was improved by employing exponentially weighted Tversky loss. The model's segmentation performance on longer sequences with atrial fibrillation was improved by incorporating dilated convolution kernels. Noise-aware and morphology data augmentations effectively mitigated overfitting potential in a limited training dataset. Label noise introduced by annotating atrial fibrillation sequences into a positive class strengthened regularization of the model, particularly in its ability to identify regular beats. However, it also negatively impacted performance on F-waves. Significance: The proposed method diminishes the dependence on manual measurements in complex electrophysiology measurements and enhances utilization of the collected electrophysiology data. The findings underscore the substantial impact of intrinsic regularization techniques and establish guidelines to facilitate methodological decision-making processes.
ER  -

HEJC, Jakub, Richard REDINA, Jana KOLAROVA and Zdeněk STÁREK. Multi-channel delineation of intracardiac electrograms for arrhythmia substrate analysis using implicitly regularized convolutional neural network with wide receptive field. \textit{Biomedical Signal Processing and Control}. London: ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2024, vol.~94, August 2024, p.~1-18. ISSN~1746-8094. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2024.106274.

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