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@article{2428440,
author = {Šmíd, Martin and Barusová, Tamara and Jarkovský, Jiří and Májek, Ondřej and Pavlík, Tomáš and Přibylová, Lenka and Weinerová, Josefína and Zajíček, Milan and Trnka, Jan},
article_number = {35},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.35.2300690},
keywords = {COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants; post-vaccination; post-infection; hybrid immunity},
language = {eng},
issn = {1025-496X},
journal = {Eurosurveillance},
title = {Post-vaccination, post-infection and hybrid immunity against severe cases of COVID-19 and long COVID after infection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants, Czechia, December 2021 to August 2023},
url = {https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.35.2300690},
volume = {29},
year = {2024}
}
TY - JOUR
ID - 2428440
AU - Šmíd, Martin - Barusová, Tamara - Jarkovský, Jiří - Májek, Ondřej - Pavlík, Tomáš - Přibylová, Lenka - Weinerová, Josefína - Zajíček, Milan - Trnka, Jan
PY - 2024
TI - Post-vaccination, post-infection and hybrid immunity against severe cases of COVID-19 and long COVID after infection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants, Czechia, December 2021 to August 2023
JF - Eurosurveillance
VL - 29
IS - 35
SP - 1-10
EP - 1-10
PB - European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
SN - 1025496X
KW - COVID-19
KW - SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants
KW - post-vaccination
KW - post-infection
KW - hybrid immunity
UR - https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.35.2300690
N2 - Background COVID-19 remains a major infectious disease with substantial implications for individual and public health including the risk of a post-infection syndrome, long COVID. The continuous changes in dominant variants of SARS-CoV-2 necessitate a careful study of the effect of preventative strategies. Aim We aimed to estimate the effectiveness of post-vaccination, post-infection and hybrid immunity against severe cases requiring oxygen support caused by infections with SARS-CoV-2 variants BA1/2 and BA4/5+, and against long COVID in the infected population and their changes over time. Methods We used a Cox regression analysis with time-varying covariates and calendar time and logistic regression applied to national-level data from Czechia from December 2021 until August 2023. Results Recently boosted vaccination, post-infection and hybrid immunity provide significant protection against a severe course of COVID-19, while unboosted vaccination more than 10 months ago has a negligible protective effect. The post-vaccination immunity against the BA1/2 or BA4/5+ variants, especially based on the original vaccine types, appears to wane rapidly compared with post-infection and hybrid immunity. Once infected, however, previous immunity plays only a small protective role against long COVID. Conclusion Vaccination remains an effective preventative measure against a severe course of COVID-19 but its effectiveness wanes over time thus highlighting the importance of booster doses. Once infected, vaccines may have a small protective effect against the development of long COVID.
ER -
ŠMÍD, Martin, Tamara BARUSOVÁ, Jiří JARKOVSKÝ, Ondřej MÁJEK, Tomáš PAVLÍK, Lenka PŘIBYLOVÁ, Josefína WEINEROVÁ, Milan ZAJÍČEK and Jan TRNKA. Post-vaccination, post-infection and hybrid immunity against severe cases of COVID-19 and long COVID after infection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants, Czechia, December 2021 to August 2023. \textit{Eurosurveillance}. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2024, vol.~29, No~35, p.~1-10. ISSN~1025-496X. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.35.2300690.
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