Diving Deep into Arrhythmias: Unravelling the Impact of
Underwater Environments on Premature Ventricular Complexes in
Divers

J 2024

Diving Deep into Arrhythmias: Unravelling the Impact of Underwater Environments on Premature Ventricular Complexes in Divers

RANIC, Ivan, Otakar JIRAVSKÝ, Alica CESNAKOVA KONECNA, Bogna JIRAVSKA GODULA, Petra PESOVA et. al.

Basic information

Original name

Diving Deep into Arrhythmias: Unravelling the Impact of Underwater Environments on Premature Ventricular Complexes in Divers

Authors

RANIC, Ivan, Otakar JIRAVSKÝ (203 Czech Republic, belonging to the institution), Alica CESNAKOVA KONECNA (203 Czech Republic), Bogna JIRAVSKA GODULA, Petra PESOVA (203 Czech Republic), Jan CHOVANCIK (203 Czech Republic), Radek NEUWIRTH (203 Czech Republic), Libor SKNOURIL (203 Czech Republic), Radek PUDIL (203 Czech Republic) and Jiri PLASEK (203 Czech Republic)

Edition

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Basel, MDPI, 2024, 2077-0383

Other information

Language

English

Type of outcome

Článek v odborném periodiku

Field of Study

30201 Cardiac and Cardiovascular systems

Country of publisher

Switzerland

Confidentiality degree

není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství

References:

URL

Impact factor

Impact factor: 3.900 in 2022

Organization unit

Faculty of Medicine

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13175298

UT WoS

001310906800001

Keywords in English

premature ventricular complexes; scuba diving; apnoea diving; arrhythmias in divers; diving physiology; underwater medicine

Abstract

V originále

This review examines the relationship between the physiological demands of diving and premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) in divers. In the general population, some individuals have a greater tendency to experience PVCs, often without awareness or a clear understanding of the triggering factors. With the increasing availability and popularity of both scuba and apnoea diving, more people, including those with a predisposition to PVCs, are engaging in these activities. The underwater environment, with its unique stressors, may increase the risk of arrhythmogenic events, particularly PVCs. Here, we review the prevalence, pathophysiology, and aggravating factors of PVCs in divers, emphasising the need for a comprehensive cardiovascular assessment. Evidence suggests a higher prevalence of PVCs in divers compared with the general population, influenced by factors such as age, dive depth, gas bubbles, cold water immersion, pre-existing cardiovascular diseases, and lifestyle factors. The change in environment during diving could potentially trigger an increased frequency of PVCs, especially in individuals with a pre-existing tendency. We discuss diagnostic strategies, management approaches, and preventive measures for divers with PVCs, noting that although guidelines for athletes can be adapted, individual assessment is crucial. Significant knowledge gaps are identified, highlighting the need for future research to develop evidence-based guidelines and understand the long-term significance of PVCs in divers. This work aims to evaluate potential contributing factors to PVCs in divers and identify individuals who may be at higher risk of experiencing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). This work aims to improve diver safety by promoting collaboration between cardiologists and diving medicine specialists and by identifying key areas for future investigation in this field. This work aims to improve the safety and well-being of divers by understanding the cardiovascular challenges they face, including pressure changes, cold water immersion, and hypoxia. We seek to elucidate the relationship between these challenges and the occurrence of PVCs. By synthesising current evidence, identifying knowledge gaps, and proposing preliminary recommendations, we aim to encourage collaboration between cardiologists and diving medicine specialists to optimise the screening, management, and risk stratification of PVCs in the diving population.

Citovat

RANIC, Ivan, Otakar JIRAVSKÝ, Alica CESNAKOVA KONECNA, Bogna JIRAVSKA GODULA, Petra PESOVA, Jan CHOVANCIK, Radek NEUWIRTH, Libor SKNOURIL, Radek PUDIL and Jiri PLASEK. Diving Deep into Arrhythmias: Unravelling the Impact of Underwater Environments on Premature Ventricular Complexes in Divers. Journal of Clinical Medicine. Basel: MDPI, 2024, vol. 13, No 17, p. 1-15. ISSN 2077-0383. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13175298.

@article{2439098,
   author = {Ranic, Ivan and Jiravský, Otakar and Cesnakova Konecna, Alica and Jiravska Godula, Bogna and Pesova, Petra and Chovancik, Jan and Neuwirth, Radek and Sknouril, Libor and Pudil, Radek and Plasek, Jiri},
   article_location = {Basel},
   article_number = {17},
   doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13175298},
   keywords = {premature ventricular complexes; scuba diving; apnoea diving; arrhythmias in divers; diving physiology; underwater medicine},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {2077-0383},
   journal = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
   title = {Diving Deep into Arrhythmias: Unravelling the Impact of Underwater Environments on Premature Ventricular Complexes in Divers},
   url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/17/5298},
   volume = {13},
   year = {2024}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2439098
AU  - Ranic, Ivan - Jiravský, Otakar - Cesnakova Konecna, Alica - Jiravska Godula, Bogna - Pesova, Petra - Chovancik, Jan - Neuwirth, Radek - Sknouril, Libor - Pudil, Radek - Plasek, Jiri
PY  - 2024
TI  - Diving Deep into Arrhythmias: Unravelling the Impact of Underwater Environments on Premature Ventricular Complexes in Divers
JF  - Journal of Clinical Medicine
VL  - 13
IS  - 17
SP  - 1-15
EP  - 1-15
PB  - MDPI
SN  - 20770383
KW  - premature ventricular complexes
KW  - scuba diving
KW  - apnoea diving
KW  - arrhythmias in divers
KW  - diving physiology
KW  - underwater medicine
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/17/5298
N2  - This review examines the relationship between the physiological demands of diving and premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) in divers. In the general population, some individuals have a greater tendency to experience PVCs, often without awareness or a clear understanding of the triggering factors. With the increasing availability and popularity of both scuba and apnoea diving, more people, including those with a predisposition to PVCs, are engaging in these activities. The underwater environment, with its unique stressors, may increase the risk of arrhythmogenic events, particularly PVCs. Here, we review the prevalence, pathophysiology, and aggravating factors of PVCs in divers, emphasising the need for a comprehensive cardiovascular assessment. Evidence suggests a higher prevalence of PVCs in divers compared with the general population, influenced by factors such as age, dive depth, gas bubbles, cold water immersion, pre-existing cardiovascular diseases, and lifestyle factors. The change in environment during diving could potentially trigger an increased frequency of PVCs, especially in individuals with a pre-existing tendency. We discuss diagnostic strategies, management approaches, and preventive measures for divers with PVCs, noting that although guidelines for athletes can be adapted, individual assessment is crucial. Significant knowledge gaps are identified, highlighting the need for future research to develop evidence-based guidelines and understand the long-term significance of PVCs in divers. This work aims to evaluate potential contributing factors to PVCs in divers and identify individuals who may be at higher risk of experiencing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). This work aims to improve diver safety by promoting collaboration between cardiologists and diving medicine specialists and by identifying key areas for future investigation in this field. This work aims to improve the safety and well-being of divers by understanding the cardiovascular challenges they face, including pressure changes, cold water immersion, and hypoxia. We seek to elucidate the relationship between these challenges and the occurrence of PVCs. By synthesising current evidence, identifying knowledge gaps, and proposing preliminary recommendations, we aim to encourage collaboration between cardiologists and diving medicine specialists to optimise the screening, management, and risk stratification of PVCs in the diving population.
ER  -

RANIC, Ivan, Otakar JIRAVSKÝ, Alica CESNAKOVA KONECNA, Bogna JIRAVSKA GODULA, Petra PESOVA, Jan CHOVANCIK, Radek NEUWIRTH, Libor SKNOURIL, Radek PUDIL and Jiri PLASEK. Diving Deep into Arrhythmias: Unravelling the Impact of Underwater Environments on Premature Ventricular Complexes in Divers. \textit{Journal of Clinical Medicine}. Basel: MDPI, 2024, vol.~13, No~17, p.~1-15. ISSN~2077-0383. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13175298.

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