Perspective modelling and measuring discharge voltage on
truncated data of long-term stored Li-ion batteries based on
functional state space model

J 2025

Perspective modelling and measuring discharge voltage on truncated data of long-term stored Li-ion batteries based on functional state space model

KOLÁČEK, Jan, David VALIŠ, Mária FUKSOVÁ, Jiří HLINKA, Petr PROCHÁZKA et. al.

Basic information

Original name

Perspective modelling and measuring discharge voltage on truncated data of long-term stored Li-ion batteries based on functional state space model

Authors

KOLÁČEK, Jan (203 Czech Republic, guarantor, belonging to the institution), David VALIŠ (203 Czech Republic), Mária FUKSOVÁ (703 Slovakia, belonging to the institution), Jiří HLINKA (203 Czech Republic) and Petr PROCHÁZKA (203 Czech Republic)

Edition

Applied Energy, Elsevier Ltd, 2025, 0306-2619

Other information

Language

English

Type of outcome

Článek v odborném periodiku

Field of Study

10103 Statistics and probability

Country of publisher

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Confidentiality degree

není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství

References:

URL

Impact factor

Impact factor: 11.200 in 2022

Organization unit

Faculty of Science

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124496

UT WoS

001327715200001

Keywords in English

Li-ion battery; Test data; Voltage discharge fade; Functional state space models; Backpropagation recursors

Abstract

V originále

The subject of battery sources and electrical energy accumulators is currently very topical. Moreover, the possibilities of reusing already discarded sources are being explored as so-called “second-life batteries”. This article is concerned with studying and modelling the behaviour of a battery in an electric aircraft in operation — the voltage during discharge. Outcomes from extensive experiments on real long-term stored batteries have provided statistically robust sets of data on both long-term stored and new batteries; some of the data, however, are truncated. A modern approach that neglects the truncated issues and is based on functional data analysis and modified with a specific time series is used to model the process. This suggested model is much more accurate than the model used previously as it can effectively process truncated data. It also allows a certain degree of generalization. The aim is to determine the probability density of the time when the battery reaches the critical value, including the numerical statistics, for both stored and new batteries. The results are compared using the specific statistical Kullback–Leibler divergence approach to determine the degree of difference. The proposed model applies to similar issues where battery voltage is modelled in a time domain while the data form is truncated. It is proved, however, that further use of the stored batteries does not disrupt the safe and reliable operation of an electric airplane in terms of their functionality.

Links

MUNI/A/1457/2023, interní kód MU

Name: Specifický výzkum v odborné, aplikované a učitelské matematice 2024

Investor: Masaryk University

Citovat

KOLÁČEK, Jan, David VALIŠ, Mária FUKSOVÁ, Jiří HLINKA and Petr PROCHÁZKA. Perspective modelling and measuring discharge voltage on truncated data of long-term stored Li-ion batteries based on functional state space model. Applied Energy. Elsevier Ltd, 2025, vol. 377, January, p. 124496-124510. ISSN 0306-2619. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124496.

@article{2439497,
   author = {Koláček, Jan and Vališ, David and Fuksová, Mária and Hlinka, Jiří and Procházka, Petr},
   article_number = {January},
   doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124496},
   keywords = {Li-ion battery; Test data; Voltage discharge fade; Functional state space models; Backpropagation recursors},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {0306-2619},
   journal = {Applied Energy},
   title = {Perspective modelling and measuring discharge voltage on truncated data of long-term stored Li-ion batteries based on functional state space model},
   url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261924018798},
   volume = {377},
   year = {2025}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2439497
AU  - Koláček, Jan - Vališ, David - Fuksová, Mária - Hlinka, Jiří - Procházka, Petr
PY  - 2025
TI  - Perspective modelling and measuring discharge voltage on truncated data of long-term stored Li-ion batteries based on functional state space model
JF  - Applied Energy
VL  - 377
IS  - January
SP  - 124496
EP  - 124496
PB  - Elsevier Ltd
SN  - 03062619
KW  - Li-ion battery
KW  - Test data
KW  - Voltage discharge fade
KW  - Functional state space models
KW  - Backpropagation recursors
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261924018798
N2  - The subject of battery sources and electrical energy accumulators is currently very topical. Moreover, the possibilities of reusing already discarded sources are being explored as so-called “second-life batteries”. This article is concerned with studying and modelling the behaviour of a battery in an electric aircraft in operation — the voltage during discharge. Outcomes from extensive experiments on real long-term stored batteries have provided statistically robust sets of data on both long-term stored and new batteries; some of the data, however, are truncated. A modern approach that neglects the truncated issues and is based on functional data analysis and modified with a specific time series is used to model the process. This suggested model is much more accurate than the model used previously as it can effectively process truncated data. It also allows a certain degree of generalization. The aim is to determine the probability density of the time when the battery reaches the critical value, including the numerical statistics, for both stored and new batteries. The results are compared using the specific statistical Kullback–Leibler divergence approach to determine the degree of difference. The proposed model applies to similar issues where battery voltage is modelled in a time domain while the data form is truncated. It is proved, however, that further use of the stored batteries does not disrupt the safe and reliable operation of an electric airplane in terms of their functionality.
ER  -

KOLÁČEK, Jan, David VALIŠ, Mária FUKSOVÁ, Jiří HLINKA and Petr PROCHÁZKA. Perspective modelling and measuring discharge voltage on truncated data of long-term stored Li-ion batteries based on functional state space model. \textit{Applied Energy}. Elsevier Ltd, 2025, vol.~377, January, p.~124496-124510. ISSN~0306-2619. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124496.

Detailed Information on Publication Record