An enzyme cascade biosensor based on multiwalled carbon
nanotube-RuO2 nanocomposite for selective amperometric
determination of lactose in milk samples

J 2024

An enzyme cascade biosensor based on multiwalled carbon nanotube-RuO2 nanocomposite for selective amperometric determination of lactose in milk samples

GAREHBAGHI, Sanam; Vojtech ADAM; Jan PŘIBYL; Lukas RICHTERA; Amir M ASHRAFI et. al.

Basic information

Original name

An enzyme cascade biosensor based on multiwalled carbon nanotube-RuO2 nanocomposite for selective amperometric determination of lactose in milk samples

Authors

GAREHBAGHI, Sanam; Vojtech ADAM; Jan PŘIBYL (203 Czech Republic, belonging to the institution); Lukas RICHTERA and Amir M ASHRAFI

Edition

Microchemical Journal, AMSTERDAM, Elsevier, 2024, 0026-265X

Other information

Language

English

Type of outcome

Article in a journal

Field of Study

10406 Analytical chemistry

Country of publisher

Netherlands

Confidentiality degree

is not subject to a state or trade secret

References:

URL

Impact factor

Impact factor: 4.900 in 2023

RIV identification code

RIV/00216224:14740/24:00138500

Organization unit

Central European Institute of Technology

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2024.111138

UT WoS

001272028000001

EID Scopus

2-s2.0-85198242094

Keywords in English

Lactose determination; Enzyme cascade system; Electrochemical biosensor; Chronoamperometry; Semi skim milk

Abstract

In the original language

An enzyme-based electrochemical biosensor was fabricated for the sensitive determination of lactose. The utilized enzyme cascade system is composed of 8-galactosidase (8-Gal) and glucose oxidase (GOx). The ruthenium (IV) oxide (RuO2) presents in MWCNT-RuO2 nanocomposite immobilized on the glassy carbon electrode acts as an electrochemical mediator, resembling a second-generation enzyme biosensor. The functional mechanism of the biosensor was discussed, explaining the chemical oxidation of H2O2, the final product of the enzymatic reaction, by RuO2 and subsequent reoxidation of generated Ru to RuO2 at the electrode surface. This shifts the oxidation of H2O2 to a lower potential magnitude of +0.40 V, enhancing the biosensor's selectivity. The analytical figures of merit were verified for the developed lactose biosensor through repetitive measurements. The precision of the lactose biosensor was ensured with good reproducibility (RSD % = 2.68) and repeatability (RSD % = 4.12). The selectivity of the biosensor towards various saccharides and ionic species potentially present in milk samples was investigated, and no notable interference effect was detected. Moreover, the accuracy of the lactose biosensor was tested by analyzing spiked samples and a semi-skimmed milk (SS-milk) sample with certified lactose values. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were calculated to be (0.036 mM) and (0.121 mM), respectively. Thanks to the short response time of the fabricated lactose biosensor, it was transferred to a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) and successfully employed in flow injection analysis (FIA).

Links

EF18_046/0015974, research and development project

Name: Modernizace České infrastruktury pro integrativní strukturní biologii

90242, large research infrastructures

Name: CIISB III

Cite

GAREHBAGHI, Sanam; Vojtech ADAM; Jan PŘIBYL; Lukas RICHTERA and Amir M ASHRAFI. An enzyme cascade biosensor based on multiwalled carbon nanotube-RuO2 nanocomposite for selective amperometric determination of lactose in milk samples. Microchemical Journal. AMSTERDAM: Elsevier, 2024, vol. 204, sep, p. 1-12. ISSN 0026-265X. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2024.111138.

@article{2468531,
   author = {Garehbaghi, Sanam and Adam, Vojtech and Přibyl, Jan and Richtera, Lukas and Ashrafi, Amir M},
   article_location = {AMSTERDAM},
   article_number = {sep},
   doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2024.111138},
   keywords = {Lactose determination; Enzyme cascade system; Electrochemical biosensor; Chronoamperometry; Semi skim milk},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {0026-265X},
   journal = {Microchemical Journal},
   title = {An enzyme cascade biosensor based on multiwalled carbon nanotube-RuO2 nanocomposite for selective amperometric determination of lactose in milk samples},
   url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X24012505?via%3Dihub},
   volume = {204},
   year = {2024}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2468531
AU  - Garehbaghi, Sanam - Adam, Vojtech - Přibyl, Jan - Richtera, Lukas - Ashrafi, Amir M
PY  - 2024
TI  - An enzyme cascade biosensor based on multiwalled carbon nanotube-RuO2 nanocomposite for selective amperometric determination of lactose in milk samples
JF  - Microchemical Journal
VL  - 204
IS  - sep
SP  - 1-12
EP  - 1-12
PB  - Elsevier
SN  - 0026265X
KW  - Lactose determination
KW  - Enzyme cascade system
KW  - Electrochemical biosensor
KW  - Chronoamperometry
KW  - Semi skim milk
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X24012505?via%3Dihub
N2  - An enzyme-based electrochemical biosensor was fabricated for the sensitive determination of lactose. The utilized enzyme cascade system is composed of 8-galactosidase (8-Gal) and glucose oxidase (GOx). The ruthenium (IV) oxide (RuO2) presents in MWCNT-RuO2 nanocomposite immobilized on the glassy carbon electrode acts as an electrochemical mediator, resembling a second-generation enzyme biosensor. The functional mechanism of the biosensor was discussed, explaining the chemical oxidation of H2O2, the final product of the enzymatic reaction, by RuO2 and subsequent reoxidation of generated Ru to RuO2 at the electrode surface. This shifts the oxidation of H2O2 to a lower potential magnitude of +0.40 V, enhancing the biosensor's selectivity. The analytical figures of merit were verified for the developed lactose biosensor through repetitive measurements. The precision of the lactose biosensor was ensured with good reproducibility (RSD % = 2.68) and repeatability (RSD % = 4.12). The selectivity of the biosensor towards various saccharides and ionic species potentially present in milk samples was investigated, and no notable interference effect was detected. Moreover, the accuracy of the lactose biosensor was tested by analyzing spiked samples and a semi-skimmed milk (SS-milk) sample with certified lactose values. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were calculated to be (0.036 mM) and (0.121 mM), respectively. Thanks to the short response time of the fabricated lactose biosensor, it was transferred to a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) and successfully employed in flow injection analysis (FIA).
ER  -

GAREHBAGHI, Sanam; Vojtech ADAM; Jan PŘIBYL; Lukas RICHTERA and Amir M ASHRAFI. An enzyme cascade biosensor based on multiwalled carbon nanotube-RuO2 nanocomposite for selective amperometric determination of lactose in milk samples. \textit{Microchemical Journal}. AMSTERDAM: Elsevier, 2024, vol.~204, sep, p.~1-12. ISSN~0026-265X. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2024.111138.

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